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====Fictional plants====
====Fictional plants====
*Myst III: Exile. After two games set in mostly lifeless worlds, Myst III (under new developers) moved in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAShllUlEK0 a more organic direction]. Notice that some puzzles involve divining the workings of plants and the minds of animals. Of course Oni is pretty much on the other side of the action/thinking spectrum from a game like Myst, but there's still food for thought here.
*Myst III: Exile. After two games set in mostly lifeless worlds, Myst III (under new developers) moved in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sl-u0tD0_Xk a more organic direction]. Notice that some puzzles involve divining the workings of plants and the minds of animals. Of course Oni is pretty much on the other side of the action/thinking spectrum from a game like Myst, but there's still food for thought here.


*Plants with Eyes. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wc_Y1IXVSig Just watch it]. As far as I can tell, this was produced for a television show as a sort of throw-away tease segment, but it really stands on its own as a bizarre and super-realistic visualization of the very kind of stuff we might encounter in plants from another world, or plants that were more active than ours. Apparently they started with live-action footage of real plants, and then dressed them up with CG, but the results are surprisingly effective. Then again, some of our real-life plants are pretty impressive too, as seen above.
*Plants with Eyes. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wc_Y1IXVSig Just watch it]. As far as I can tell, this was produced for a television show as a sort of throw-away tease segment, but it really stands on its own as a bizarre and super-realistic visualization of the very kind of stuff we might encounter in plants from another world, or plants that were more active than ours. Apparently they started with live-action footage of real plants, and then dressed them up with CG, but the results are surprisingly effective. Then again, some of our real-life plants are pretty impressive too, as seen above.
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*[[wp:Argonaut_(animal)|Argonauts]] are octopuses that make shells for themselves.
*[[wp:Argonaut_(animal)|Argonauts]] are octopuses that make shells for themselves.


*Some squid have the [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=can-squid-fly power of flight]! Video footage is almost non-existent, but [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hCa0sEJl_4 here's proof].
*Some squid have the [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-squid-fly/ power of flight]! Video footage is almost non-existent, but [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hCa0sEJl_4 here's proof].


*[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070821114339.htm Elephantnose fish] have magnetoception!
*[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070821114339.htm Elephantnose fish] have magnetoception!
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*[[wp:Toxoplasma_gondii|Toxoplasma]] is a famous protozoan which likes to live inside cats. How does it get inside the cat? Often by infecting rats. The infected rat is suddenly drawn to the scent of cats rather than repelled by it. This is intriguing because the rat has not become fearless or danger-seeking in general; it just acquires a sudden urge to befriend a cat, who finds it to be a nice snack. Toxoplasma then reproduces harmlessly inside the cat, and its ovocytes end up in the litter box.
*[[wp:Toxoplasma_gondii|Toxoplasma]] is a famous protozoan which likes to live inside cats. How does it get inside the cat? Often by infecting rats. The infected rat is suddenly drawn to the scent of cats rather than repelled by it. This is intriguing because the rat has not become fearless or danger-seeking in general; it just acquires a sudden urge to befriend a cat, who finds it to be a nice snack. Toxoplasma then reproduces harmlessly inside the cat, and its ovocytes end up in the litter box.
:Because many people own cats, scientists estimate that up to a third of the world's people may be infected with toxoplasma. This is rather interesting, as toxoplasmosis is linked to auto accidents (through slowed reflexes), and miscarriages. It may be partially responsible for [https://scienceblogs.com/loom/2006/08/01/a_nation_of_cowards_blame_the.php differing social psychologies] around the world. It also may or may not be a cause of brain cancer and schizophrenia. Don't panic, it's not too hard [[wp:Toxoplasmosis#Pregnancy_precautions|to avoid infection]]; just clean the litter box every day, wash your hands after, and keep your cat inside so it can't eat rats! This public service announcement brought to you by your friendly neighborhood wiki.
:Because many people own cats, scientists estimate that up to a third of the world's people may be infected with toxoplasma. This is rather interesting, as toxoplasmosis is linked to auto accidents (through slowed reflexes), and miscarriages. It may be partially responsible for [http://web.archive.org/web/20120429181140/http://scienceblogs.com/loom/2006/08/01/a_nation_of_cowards_blame_the.php differing social psychologies] around the world. It also may or may not be a cause of brain cancer and schizophrenia. Don't panic, it's not too hard [[wp:Toxoplasmosis#Pregnancy_precautions|to avoid infection]]; just clean the litter box every day, wash your hands after, and keep your cat inside so it can't eat rats! This public service announcement brought to you by your friendly neighborhood wiki.


==Animal minds==
==Animal minds==
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*“Both types of fish, grouper and coral trout, are known for hunting cooperatively with other kinds of animals. Whereas the [https://www.livescience.com/9415-amazing-species-cooperate-hunt.html grouper hunts with giant moray eels] and a fish called the Napoleon wrasse, coral trout partner up with octopuses to snag prey. A study published last week in the journal Nature Communications found that the fish are able to "point" their heads toward prey, to help out their hunting buddies.” ([https://news.yahoo.com/fish-sign-language-help-hunting-buddies-152909150.html Yahoo! News])
*“Both types of fish, grouper and coral trout, are known for hunting cooperatively with other kinds of animals. Whereas the [https://www.livescience.com/9415-amazing-species-cooperate-hunt.html grouper hunts with giant moray eels] and a fish called the Napoleon wrasse, coral trout partner up with octopuses to snag prey. A study published last week in the journal Nature Communications found that the fish are able to "point" their heads toward prey, to help out their hunting buddies.” ([https://news.yahoo.com/fish-sign-language-help-hunting-buddies-152909150.html Yahoo! News])


*What if language was granted by some means? How would it add to their capacity for complex behavior or cooperative learning? Some animals already pass tool use on to subsequent generations; see the "sponge dolphins" and [http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_9125000/9125227.stm New Caledonian crows]. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8388000/8388073.stm Brown-necked ravens] who are not even part of a social group can spontaneously hunt a lizard using self-assigned roles. Individual New Caledonian crows and rooks can [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8631486.stm solve puzzles] involving multiple steps or water displacement. Of course, animals can also be raised together and think of themselves as the same kind — see [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igQRWZJklIo tiger + dog], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnZSTkycovg dog + deer], and [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4152447.stm hippo + tortoise]. Also see a [http://www.earthlings.org/kin/kinship.html crow raising a cat] and a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dug70HBEgaM hawk feeding a dog]. ([https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/animal-odd-couples/full-episode/8009/ PBS - Animal Odd Couples])
*What if language was granted by some means? How would it add to their capacity for complex behavior or cooperative learning? Some animals already pass tool use on to subsequent generations; see the "sponge dolphins" and [http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_9125000/9125227.stm New Caledonian crows]. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8388000/8388073.stm Brown-necked ravens] who are not even part of a social group can spontaneously hunt a lizard using self-assigned roles. Individual New Caledonian crows and rooks can [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8631486.stm solve puzzles] involving multiple steps or water displacement. Of course, animals can also be raised together and think of themselves as the same kind — see [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igQRWZJklIo tiger + dog], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnZSTkycovg dog + deer], and [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4152447.stm hippo + tortoise]. Also see a [http://www.earthlings.org/kin/kinship.html crow raising a cat] and a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dug70HBEgaM hawk feeding a dog]. ([https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/animal-odd-couples-meet-the-odd-couples/8025/ PBS - Animal Odd Couples])


*Can animals commit suicide? See [https://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=m7caAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iUkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=576,1832140&dq=animal-suicide&hl=en this vague account] (bottom, center column) of a bear that did himself in — a [https://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1973486,00.html fuller treatment] from Time. Two more accounts [https://www.treehugger.com/are-bears-purposely-committing-suicide-to-protest-the-horror-of-bile-f-4861430 here] and [http://wherethebearwalks.blogspot.com/2010/04/bear-intelligence.html here].
*Can animals commit suicide? See [https://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=m7caAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iUkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=576,1832140&dq=animal-suicide&hl=en this vague account] (bottom, center column) of a bear that did himself in — a [https://web.archive.org/web/20130817103106/https://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1973486,00.html fuller treatment] from Time. Two more accounts [https://www.treehugger.com/are-bears-purposely-committing-suicide-to-protest-the-horror-of-bile-f-4861430 here] and [http://wherethebearwalks.blogspot.com/2010/04/bear-intelligence.html here].


*Psychology Today: [https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animals-and-us/201006/are-humans-the-only-animals-keep-pets Are Humans the Only Animals to Keep Pets?].
*Psychology Today: [https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animals-and-us/201006/are-humans-the-only-animals-keep-pets Are Humans the Only Animals to Keep Pets?].
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*How much do animals really understand? [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opd6XhyV310&feature=related This (baby?) shark] grabs a morsel from a girl’s fingers without even scratching her. Dolphins [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mn6kJJfNLVA&feature=related understand mirrors] at least as early as human children. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuHCiBqcWJU This cow] knows how to unlock a gate, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsA-a-9PNH4 this one] crosses roads politely, and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cy7gQ496vs this one] knows how to use a water pump.
*How much do animals really understand? [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opd6XhyV310&feature=related This (baby?) shark] grabs a morsel from a girl’s fingers without even scratching her. Dolphins [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mn6kJJfNLVA&feature=related understand mirrors] at least as early as human children. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuHCiBqcWJU This cow] knows how to unlock a gate, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsA-a-9PNH4 this one] crosses roads politely, and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cy7gQ496vs this one] knows how to use a water pump.


*Animals showing compassion and/or surprising comprehension towards humans: [http://old.post-gazette.com/neigh_west/20020409lulu0409p1.asp Pig saves owner], [https://www.scotsman.com/news/scottish-news/top-stories/horse-rides-to-rescue-as-owner-attacked-in-field-by-raging-cow-1-913741 horse saves owner], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cambridgeshire/3441337.stm rabbit saves owner], [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1202941/Pictured-The-moment-Mila-brave-Beluga-whale-saved-stricken-divers-life-pushing-surface.html beluga whale saves diver], dolphins [https://web.archive.org/web/20171213051543/https://www.today.com/news/dolphins-save-surfer-becoming-sharks-bait-2D80555123 save a surfer] and [https://www.underwatertimes.com/news.php?article_id=51079184603 save a diver], [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1328806/Dick-Van-Dyke-Pod-porpoises-saved-I-fell-asleep-surfboard.html porpoises save Dick Van Dyke].
*Animals showing compassion and/or surprising comprehension towards humans: [http://old.post-gazette.com/neigh_west/20020409lulu0409p1.asp Pig saves owner], [https://www.scotsman.com/news/horse-rides-rescue-owner-attacked-field-raging-cow-2512558 horse saves owner], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cambridgeshire/3441337.stm rabbit saves owner], [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1202941/Pictured-The-moment-Mila-brave-Beluga-whale-saved-stricken-divers-life-pushing-surface.html beluga whale saves diver], dolphins [https://web.archive.org/web/20171213051543/https://www.today.com/news/dolphins-save-surfer-becoming-sharks-bait-2D80555123 save a surfer] and [https://www.underwatertimes.com/news.php?article_id=51079184603 save a diver], [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1328806/Dick-Van-Dyke-Pod-porpoises-saved-I-fell-asleep-surfboard.html porpoises save Dick Van Dyke].


*Lionesses sometimes [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/12/world/5-little-oryxes-and-the-big-bad-lioness-of-kenya.html kidnap] baby versions of their prey. It's probably not an example of interspecies compassion, but rather a baiting tactic to draw in one of the parents, or maybe just an animal’s version of keeping extra meat in the freezer.
*Lionesses sometimes [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/12/world/5-little-oryxes-and-the-big-bad-lioness-of-kenya.html kidnap] baby versions of their prey. It's probably not an example of interspecies compassion, but rather a baiting tactic to draw in one of the parents, or maybe just an animal’s version of keeping extra meat in the freezer.
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