View source for XML:TRAM

{{XML_File_Header | prev=TRAC | type=TRAM | next=TRAS | name=Totoro Animation}}
{{TOCfloat|side=right}}

==General information==
TRAM files — animation data for characters — are basically made of three chunks:
* Metadata or "header": animation type, state, flags, particle, sounds, etc.
* Animation data: pelvis heights, pelvis velocities, bone rotations
* Attack data: damage, self-damage, extents (danger zones for AI awareness) and throws

The term '''animation''' is often shortened to '''anim''' by modders, following the naming of commands in BSL: chr_wait_animstate, chr_wait_animtype, env_anim, etc.

TRAMs used in Oni follow a naming pattern. A list of all combat TRAMs in-game and their naming can be found [[Combat moves|here.]]

==Decision path of animation lookup==
* First the game builds a pool of anims a character can use. They are loaded from the TRAC file registered in [[ONCC]], including parent TRACs.
* Anims from a child TRAC override those of the parent if their combination of state, type and variant is exactly the same.
* Child TRACs usually omit some anims. For example, Elite Strikers don't have their own run anims, so they use the parent anims of normal Strikers. See [[XML:TRAC|TRAC]] page for details.
* A character always possesses a single animation state. This term derives from state machines, but you only need to know that states are the first point in the decision path determining what anims are actually allowed to play at a given moment.
* Here is the full decision path:
** anim '''state''' check
** event (user input, or engine input for the AI) -> [[XML_talk:StNA|context check]] -> anim '''type''' check
** anim '''variant''' check
** TRAC '''weight''' check

Detailed example: Let's say that we shapeshifted to a Ninja ONCC, we are in the state Standing, and we hit the action key to perform a taunt. The engine recognizes the context (a hostile character to interact with) and looks up anims of type Taunt. Since we are in combat mode, the next anim must be of variant Combat if possible. These lookups boil down to two valid possible anims: NINCOMtaunt1 and NINCOMtaunt2. If there are multiple anims available at this point, the engine picks one of them randomly.

However, NINCOMtaunt1 has a TRAC Weight (probability) of 100 while NINCOMtaunt2 has a TRAC Weight value of just 5. So the chances are quite high that we will not see the Moon Walk taunt.

Keep in mind that if the engine cannot find an anim of a specific variant, it will fall back to a non-variant anim instead.

Confused by how Weights work? Apparently, the Weight value is only one part of the equation — otherwise NINCOMtaunt2 would never execute. If there is only one anim to choose from, it will always play no matter what its Weight, even if it is zero. When it comes to multiple anims being a valid choice, the calculation seems to be: weight / sum of all weights. For NINCOMtaunt2, this means 5 / 105 = 0.047 (4.7%).

==List of tags, types, and flags==
Use the search function in your browser to quickly find a tag.

{| class="wikitable" width=100%
|width=120px| '''tag'''
|width=100px| '''type'''
| '''description'''
|-
| <Lookup>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <Type>
| flag
| Look them up over [[XML:StNA#Animation_types|HERE]]. The pool of valid TRAMs (animations a character can choose from) is built from the TRAC files registered in the ONCC. Most of the anim types are connected to player inputs.
|-
| <AimingType>
| flag
| Look them up over [[XML:StNA#Animation_types|HERE]]. The pool of valid TRAMs, and therefore TRASs (aiming screens a character can choose from) is built from the TRSC files registered in the ONCC.
:
|-
|valign="top"| <FromState>
|valign="top"| flag
| [[Image:chr_debug_characters_shows_interpolated_animations.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Primary <FromState> in <Lookup> uses about 8 interpolating frames by default. Use Shortcut's <FromState> to override this frame number.]]

Look them up over [[XML:StNA#Animation_states|HERE]].
: When FromState is set to None, some default behaviors are ignored and are replaced by Shortcuts.
: Shortcuts extend the number of states from which an animation can be played and under what conditions (replacing this atomic yes/no).
|-
| <ToState>
| flag
| Look them up over [[XML:StNA#Animation_states|HERE]].
|-
|valign="top"| <Varient>
|valign="top"| flag
|(misspelled because Oni misspells it) If unused, the tag will simply be "<Varient />", such as for non-combat animations. Otherwise it contains one of these values:
: Combat
: LeftPistol
: LeftRifle
: Panic
: RightPistol
: RightRifle
: Sprint
|-
| <FirstLevel>
| int16
|Number of first level in which move becomes available to the player ("0" to make it available from the start).
|-
|valign="top"| <Shortcuts>
|valign="top"| parent tag
|
Works as an '''alternative FromState''' collection.

Shortcuts are accepted if their <Shortcut><FromState> value differs from the "primary" <Lookup><FromState> value. In other words, if you want to make a '''Shortcut''' that uses the '''same FromState''' value then you have to set '''primary FromState''' value to '''None'''. By doing that, the hardcoded interpolation frame length of about 8 frames can be overridden.

In the following example, the new interpolation length is 0. This will require the animation to match perfectly with the previous one. For a smooth transition to the next animation, set a suitable value at <Interpolation><End>.

        <Lookup>
            ...
            <FromState>None</FromState>
            ...
            <Shortcuts>
                <Shortcut>
                    <FromState>Standing</FromState>
                    <Length>0</Length>
                    <ReplaceAtomic>no</ReplaceAtomic>
                </Shortcut>
            </Shortcuts>

[[Image:TRAM interpolation - standard case.jpg|thumb|400px|left|Scenario A: hardcoded interpolation of 8 frames. Scenario B: changeable interpolation frame number.]]
|-
| <Shortcut>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <FromState>
| flag
| Look them up over [[XML:StNA#Animation_types|HERE]].
|-
|valign="top"| <Length>
|valign="top"| int16
|Amount of interpolating frames. While interpolations of rotation are less noticeable, interpolations of different positions can cause drift (i.e. sliding).

This is especially observed for transitions from idle to movements and vice versa — basically any combination of animations with different accelerations at start and end. By default, animations without specified Shortcut interpolation give about 8 frames of interpolation. For moves starting or ending in idle, it's better not to use interpolation. Just give the start and end frames the same positions and rotation values as the idle. Interpolations should always be considered a ''last resort''.

This drift can be observed even in vanilla animations — most prominently in Konoko's comb_k. Konoko's left foot should be in a fixed position as the animation starts from from Konoko's idle pose. However, the interpolation is causing her left foot to drift noticeably to the right and a bit forward.

The reason this happens is because the interpolation "mixes" two animations. When one animation transitions into another via interpolation, part of the animation system continues playing the initial animation, and part of it is playing the follow-up animation, with all the rotations and positions getting linearly interpolated.
|-
|valign="top"| <ReplaceAtomic>
|valign="top"| flag
|
: yes
: no
|-
|valign="top"| <Flags>
|valign="top"| flag
|
:RuntimeLoaded
::(This bit is not stored on disk; it is used at runtime to mark that the animation was loaded.)
:Invulnerable
::While playing this animation, the player is invulnerable to melee damage and also cannot be thrown. Damage from particles and fall damage still hurt.
:BlockHigh
::While playing this animation, the player is invulnerable to high or undefined attacks within some arc in front of him. If you set this flag on an animation where the player character is spinning, then the character can still be kicked in the back or thrown.
:BlockLow
::Same as above, only it can block low or undefined attacks.
:Attack
::Animations with an attack part have this turned on. It's unclear what it does, but it may enable the melee soft-lock (where the character turns a bit during the animation to face a nearby enemy).
:DropWeapon
::If the player is armed, he drops his weapon when this animation plays.
:InAir
::Something to do with jumps; not investigated.
:Atomic
::The whole animation must be played; player cannot interrupt it once it starts.
:NoTurn
:::Player cannot turn by mouse while performing this animation.
:AttackForward
::Unknown, but it looks like this is a hint for the AI about where an attack is aiming, from the player's point of view.
:AttackLeft
::Same as above.
:AttackRight
::Same as above.
:AttackBackward
::Same as above.
:Overlay
::Not a standalone animation; it just overwrites part of an already-playing one, e.g. the weapon-holstering animation.
:DontInterpolateVelocity
::Unknown, but maybe it has something to do with {x,y,z} velocities and the fact that directional jumps, for example, take information about their direction vector from the {x,z} velocity part of the TRAM (the vertical Y component is in the ONCC).
:ThrowSource
::Unknown, but throws use it.
:ThrowTarget
::Animation can hurt anybody with its attack part, including teammates. The player can even hurt himself with the TRAM's damage part (whereas a player cannot hurt himself with his own animation's attack part). It also allows two attack parts to be executed instead of only one (maybe a bug? more than two will result in a crash).
:::If you set the first attack part to be able to deal damage from the 1st to the 100th frame of the TRAM, and the second attack part to deal damage within that range (e.g. from the 25th to the 41st frame), then the first attack part will deal damage from the 1st to the 100th frame (as usual), but even if it hits, that second attack part can hurt the enemy as well during frames 25–41. Note that the second attack part must be executed within the first attack part's active "window", otherwise it won't work.
:RealWorld
::It appears this flag was used to create a TRAM and an OBAN from one animation source. The OBAN is supposed to store pelvis rotations and positions, allowing a character to move over obstacles/gaps. The vast majority of them are used in cutscenes.
:DoAim
::Applies the aiming animation overlay (PIS/RIF) if the player has a weapon.
:DontAim
::An aiming overlay will not be applied.
:CanPickup
::Player can pick up an item during this animation if he intersects with one during his movement.
:Aim360
::Unknown.
:DisableShield
::If the player has an active supershield (chr_super "name" 1), this forces him to disable it (chr_super "name" 0)
:NoAIPickup
::AIs are not permitted to pick up items with this animation.
|-
| <Atomic>
| parent tag
| Makes animation particle atomic?
|-
| <Start>
| int16
|
|-
| <End>
| int16
|
|-
| <Invulnerable>
| parent tag
| Character will not take melee damage during a time frame defined by the Start and End frames.
|-
| <Start>
| int16
| First frame of character being invulnerable.
|-
| <End>
| int16
| Last frame of character being invulnerable.
|-
| <Overlay>
| parent tag
|
|-
|valign="top"| <UsedBones>
|valign="top"| flag
|Simply contains "<UsedBones />" if no bones are involved, otherwise:
:Pelvis
:LeftThigh
:LeftCalf
:LeftFoot
:RightThigh
:RightCalf
:RightFoot
:Mid
:Chest
:Neck
:Head
:LeftShoulder
:LeftArm
:LeftWrist
:LeftFist
:RightShoulder
:RightArm
:RightFist
|-
|valign="top"| <ReplacedBones>
|valign="top"| flag
| "<ReplacedBones />" if unused, otherwise:
:Pelvis
:LeftThigh
:LeftCalf
:LeftFoot
:RightThigh
:RightCalf
:RightFoot
:Mid
:Chest
:Neck
:Head
:LeftShoulder
:LeftArm
:LeftWrist
:LeftFist
:RightShoulder
:RightArm
:RightFist
|-
| <DirectAnimations>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <Link>
| link
| First slot. "<Link />" if unused.
|-
| <Link>
| link
| Second slot. "<Link />" if unused.
|-
| <Pause>
| parent tag
| 
|-
| <Hard>
| int16
| In ticks. The Hard and Soft pause values are ignored if this animation has a direct link (above) to another animation.
|-
|valign="top"| <Soft>
|valign="top"| int16
| In ticks. As mentioned above, the player cannot enter new inputs during this pause unless this animation is part of a combo animation defined by <DirectAnimations><Link>.
: Examples:
: COMcomb_p, (no pause) COMcomb_p_p
: COMcomb_p, (pause) COMcomb_k

The difference between the hard and soft pause is that you can block during the soft pause and not the hard pause.
|-
| <Interpolation>
| parent tag
|
|-
|valign="top"| <End>
|valign="top"| int16
|
* interpolates first X frames of next animation
* if the first follow-up animation is too short, it can continue to play even further (not observed with vanilla anims)

While interpolations with rotations are less noticeable, interpolations of different positions can cause an additional drift.

This was especially observed for transitions of idle to movements and vice versa — basically any combination of animations with different accelerations at the start and end. By default, animations without a specified Shortcut interpolation get about 8 frames of interpolation. For moves starting or ending in idle, it's better not to use interpolation. Just give the start and end frames the same positions and rotation values as the idle. Interpolations should always be considered a ''last resort''.

[[Image:TRAM interpolations - end interpolation bigger than next anim.jpg|thumb|400px|left|"End" interpolation covering multiple follow-up animations.]]
|-
| <Max>
| int16
| unused
|-
|valign="top"| <FinalRotation>
|valign="top"| float
|valign="top"| Ending rotation in degrees. (During an animation, the camera is detached rotation-wise. If this value matches the body's final rotation, it will prevent a "glitchy" re-attaching.)
|-
|valign="top"| <Direction>
|valign="top"|
|
:None
:Forward
:Backward
:Left
:Right
|-
| <Vocalization>
| int
| ID of one of the [[XML:SNDD#Step_1:_Preparing_the_TRAM|SoundConstants in ONCC]]
|-
| <ActionFrame>
| int
| Frame number for any special events associated with this animation: weapon theft via disarm, weapon holstering, Mukade teleporting, items getting handed over to player, etc.
|-
| <Impact>
| link
| "<Impact />" if unused.
|-
|valign="top"| <Particles>
|valign="top"| parent tag
| serves as group element
|-
|valign="top"| <Particle>
|valign="top"| parent tag
| holds individual particle data
|-
|valign="top"| <Start>
|valign="top"| int
| frame number for particle to start
|-
|valign="top"| <End>
|valign="top"| int
| frame number for particle to end (if the number exceeds frame count of animation, the particle will simply die at the end of the animation)
|-
|valign="top"| <Bone>
|valign="top"| flag
|
: Pelvis 
: LeftThigh 
: LeftCalf 
: LeftFoot 
: RightThigh 
: RightCalf 
: RightFoot 
: Mid 
: Chest 
: Neck 
: Head 
: LeftShoulder 
: LeftArm 
: LeftWrist 
: LeftFist 
: RightShoulder 
: RightArm 
: RightFist
|-
|valign="top"| <Name>
|valign="top"| link
| particle name in [[XML:ONCC#ONCP:_Oni_Character_Particle_.28Array.29|ONCC-ONCP]]
|-
| <MotionBlur>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <MotionBlur>
| parent tag
| sequence element
|-
|valign="top"| <Bones>
|valign="top"| flag
|
: Pelvis 
: LeftThigh 
: LeftCalf 
: LeftFoot 
: RightThigh 
: RightCalf 
: RightFoot 
: Mid 
: Chest 
: Neck 
: Head 
: LeftShoulder 
: LeftArm 
: LeftWrist 
: LeftFist 
: RightShoulder 
: RightArm 
: RightFist
|-
| <Start>
| int16
|
|-
| <End>
| int16
|
|-
| <Lifetime>
| int8
|
|-
| <Alpha>
| int8
|
|-
| <Interval>
| int8
|
|-
| <Footsteps>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <Footstep>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <Frame>
| int16
|
|-
|valign="top"| <Type>
|valign="top"| flag
|
: Left
: Right
|-
| <Sounds>
| parent tag
| "<Sounds />" if unused.
|-
| <Sound>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <Name>
| char[32]
| <font color="#777777">OSBD</font>file<font color="#777777">.imp.oni</font> <font color="#777777">(don't use resource type's prefix or suffix)</font>
|-
| <Start>
| int16
|The frame when the sound starts to play.
|-
| <Heights>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <Height>
| float
|Absolute position.
|-
| <Velocities>
| parent tag
| 
|-
| <Velocity>
| 2 x float
|Relative positions (delta values); the numbers represent the change in position from one frame to another.
|-
| <Rotations>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <Bone>
| parent tag
|There are 19 bone tags, one for each [[TRIA#Bones|body part]].
|-
| <EKey>
| int8 + 3 * float
|For normal animations. The first value is the number of frames for which the rotation is maintained; the sum of all of these first EKey components always equals the total number of frames for the animation.
|-
|valign="top"| <QKey>
|valign="top"| int8 + 4 * float
|For overlay animations used by [[TRAS|TRAS]] aiming screens.

OniSplit v0.9.54.0 produces <QKey>s (quaternions) instead of <EKey>s (Euler rotations) for normal animations.
|-
| <PositionOffset>
| parent tag
| <PositionOffset> and <Positions> belong together. In the [[OBD:TRAM/raw0x30|binaries]], they are written in place. '''Seems unused; changing them has no effect in-game.'''
|-
| <X>
| int16
|
|-
| <Z>
| int16
|
|-
| <Positions>
| parent tag
|
|-
| <Position>
| float
| seems to be unused (and when checking this with "chr_debug_sphere = 1", the spheres remain unchanged)
|-
| <Height>
| float
| vertical extent
|-
| <YOffset>
| float
| Y offset of the vertical extent from character location 
|-
| <ThrowSource>
| parent tag
| "<ThrowSource />" if unused.
|-
| <TargetAdjustment>
| parent tag
| Used to position targets during throws, relative to the position of the character executing the throw.
|-
|valign="top"| <Position>
|valign="top"| 3 * float
| Contains XYZ values, which position the target character:
*X - Side axis. Negative values move the target to the right and positive values move the target to the left.
*Y - Height axis. Negative values move the target downwards, but cannot make the target go below the floor. Positive values make the target go upwards — if the value is too big, the target will teleport upward and then immediately start falling, interrupting the target animation.
*Z - Forward axis. Negative values move the target backwards and positive values move the target forward.
|-
| <Angle>
| float
| In radians - adjusts the rotation of the target in Oni's Y axis; most of the time (if not always) it's set to ''3.14159274'' radians in vanilla anims, equaling 180 degrees - which effectively rotates the rotates by those 180 degrees; if it was set to 0, the target would face the throw source character with his back.
|-
| <Distance>
| float
| Activation distance. The throw can be triggered if it is within this range. However the value must be greater than the equivalent TRAM in the parent TRAC.
|-
|valign="top"| <TargetType>
|valign="top"| flag
| The flags are part of the [[XML:StNA#Animation_types|animation type list]].

(static throws)
: Thrown1 = ###COMthrow_fw_p_tgt
: Thrown2 = ###COMthrow_fw_k_tgt
: Thrown3 = ###COMthrow_bk_p_tgt
: Thrown4 = ###COMthrow_bk_k_tgt
(running throws)
: Thrown5 = ###COMrun_throw_fw_p_tgt
: Thrown6 = ###COMrun_throw_fw_p_tgt
: Thrown7 = ###COMrun_throw_bk_k_tgt
: Thrown8 = ###COMrun_throw_bk_k_tgt (not tested)
(tackle throw = catching)
: Thrown9 = ###COMrun_tkl_fw_p_tgt (not tested)
: Thrown10 = ###COMrun_tkl_bk_p_tgt
(pistol disarms)
: Thrown11 = ###PISthrow_fw_p_tgt
: Thrown12 = ###PISthrow_fw_k_tgt
: Thrown13 = ###PISthrow_bk_p_tgt
(rifle disarm)
: Thrown14 = ###PISthrow_bk_k_tgt (not tested)
: Thrown15 = ###RIFthrow_fw_p_tgt
: Thrown16 = ###RIFthrow_bk_p_tgt
: Thrown17 = ###RIF? = (not tested)
----
About the naming:
: "fw" = face-to-face throw
: "bk" = thrower is facing victim's back
: "throw" inside TRAM names is sometimes shortened to "thr"
: "p"/"k" = triggered by punch or kick button ("p" is sometimes omitted)
|-
| <SelfDamage>
| parent tag
| "<SelfDamage />" if unused.
|-
| <Damage>
| parent tag
| sequence element
|-
| <Points>
| int16
| Damage taken by character.
|-
| <Frame>
| int16
| Frame of the animation when damage is dealt.
|-
| <Attacks>
| parent tag
|
|-
|valign="top"| <Attack>
|valign="top"| parent tag
| Only 2 attack parts per file are allowed. Normally the target gets only one hit. But if the attack frame ranges of both attack parts are overlapping, then the target can be [http://oni.bungie.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=39787#p39787 hit by both of them].
|-
| <Start>
| int16
| First frame where damage can be inflicted on an opponent.
|-
| <End>
| int16
| Last frame where damage can be inflicted on an opponent.
|-
| <Bones>
| flag
| The bones which can inflict damage.
|-
|valign="top"| <Flags>
|valign="top"| flag
|
: Unblockable
: Low - Target of attack needs to crouch in order to block this attack.
: High - Blocker needs to stand; if both Low and High are set, blocker can block from both standing and crouching positions.
: HalfDamage - Blocker receives half of the normal damage.
|-
| <Knockback>
| float
| Target gets knocked back by this amount.
|-
| <HitPoints>
| int16
| Damage points inflicted by attack.
|-
| <HitType>
| flag
| Animation type for opponent's animation when the attack isn't blocked. The flags are part of the [[XML:StNA#Animation_types|animation type list]].
|-
| <HitLength>
| int16
| Number of frames that the target should remain in his hit animation state when he gets hit.
|-
| <StunLength>
| int16
| Number of frames that the target should remain in his blocking animation state when he blocks the attack.
|-
| <StaggerLength>
| int16
| Number of frames that the target should perform his stagger animation after a successful block.
|-
| <Extents>
| parent tag
| Explained below. Automatically calculated by OniSplit if there's a DAE file referenced in the XML.
|-
| <Extent>
| parent tag
| One tag per frame.
|-
| <Angle>
| float
| In degrees.
|-
| <Length>
| float
| 
|-
| <MinY>
| float
|
|-
| <MaxY>
| float
|
|-
|valign="top"| <AttackRing>
|valign="top"|  parent tag
| Always contains 36 <Length> tags, explained below. Automatically calculated by OniSplit if there's a DAE file referenced in the XML. (AttackRing was formerly known as "horizontal extents" in older versions of OniSplit.)
|-
|valign="top"| <Length>
|valign="top"| float
| Horizontal extents, explained below. They create a "danger zone" around the attacker which the AI uses to try to dodge an attack.
|}

==Export==
TRAM files can be extracted '''A) as pure XML''' files or '''B) as a pair of XML and DAE''' files. For editing the actual animation, you will want to use method B. While exporting an ONCC, you might see errors such as:

 Cannot find instance 'TRAMKONCOMthrow_rev'
 Cannot find instance 'TRAMKONCOMthrow_rev'
 Cannot find instance 'TRAMKONRIFturn_right'
 Cannot find instance 'TRAMKONOKOlev18_ZomStand'
 Cannot find instance 'TRAMKONOKOcorner_hide'
 Cannot find instance 'TRAMKONPIScorner_hide'

Ignore them, as those files doesn't exist. (Someday we should remove them from the TRACs.)

===Via command line===
To export a single TRAM:
 onisplit -extract:xml output_path -anim-body:path_to\TRBS_or_ONCCname.oni path_to\TRAMname.oni

To export merged TRAMs:
 onisplit -extract:xml output_path '''-anim-merge''' -anim-body:path_to\TRBS_or_ONCCname.oni path_to\TRAMname1.oni  path_to\TRAMnameN.oni

===Via Vago===
[[Image:Vago_xml_plus_dae_extraction.png|thumb|200px|right|Combined extraction of DAE and XML.]]

When you start '''[[Vago_(tool)|Vago]]''', the "General" tab should be open by default. If not, click on it. Then follow these five easy steps.

'''Step 1:''' Select "ONI" as input format ("From").

'''Step 2:''' Select "XML" as output format ("To").

'''Step 3:''' Check "Another TRAM" to choose a character animation file.

'''Step 4:''' Click "Add" button to choose an ONCC file.

'''Step 5:''' Click "Convert".

===Via Simple OniSplit GUI===
There was a long-standing problem with combined ONCC/TRAM files where the textures would be missing.<!--[Iritscen: I don't understand this sentence; is it important to keep this historical note?] With an older method you couldn't export non-native TRAM which meant to the TRAM had to be registered in the TRAC the ONCC is using.-->

'''[http://www.paradox.oni2.net/programs/Simple_OniSplit_GUI.zip Simple OniSplit GUI]''' post-edits the DAE to fix missing textures. The character-related .oni files must be all in one folder. Usually the level0_Final folder does the trick.

'''Step 1:''' Drag and drop the TRAM and ONCC into the [http://www.paradox.oni2.net/images/simpleOniSplitGui.png big field.] (One by one or simultaneously; the order doesn't matter.)

'''Step 2:''' Hit "Convert".

==Editing 3D data==
===XSI===
In the past, the community's preferred tool for any 3D modeling and animation was {{ModTool}}. However, this free program was discontinued in 2014, and modders did not want to be tied to an aging (not to mention Windows-only) program. Thus, we have generally moved to using Blender (see next section). The following information is preserved for historical purposes.
----
For the correct Mod Tool settings, see [[Mod Tool#Animating|HERE]].

Here are some hints for creating animations when there is no rigging available:
* Use the ONCC model in your 3D editor that will actually make use of the animations. This makes sure that the pelvis height will match and that the character's feet will not float in the air or go through the ground. 
* The first frame and last frames should match the probable previous and follow-up animations. This will reduce the necessity for long interpolations.
* When setting keyframes, each body part should have moved. This rule of thumb will give a more natural-looking animation.
* The first body part to be animated is always the pelvis.
* Watch out for pelvis rotations so that the XYZ rotations don't overlap too much, otherwise you will get into a [[wp:Gimbal_lock|gimbal lock]].

Also see our [http://oni.bungie.org/forum/viewtopic.php?id=1433 OCF thread].

===Blender===
See the [[Blender]] article for a general tutorial on using the free program to create animations for Oni. It also contains code snippets for automating certain tasks, troubleshooting advice, and links to an IK rig that makes animation much easier.

==Import==
 onisplit -create output_path path_to\TRAMname.xml

==Speeding up existing animations==
s10k has created an XmlTools script that allows the speed-up of any existing TRAM by removing frames. More information and download link [http://mods.oni2.net/node/354 here.]

==Attacks==
===Extents and XML===
Ever wondered how the AI can recognize incoming attacks and block or dodge them? Extents (found by geyser and fully uncovered by Neo) are the key. Imagine the character looked at from above, and visualize a circle with this character being at the center of the circle. Now divide this circle into 10° segments, and those are the 36 units of horizontal extents (that is, the lateral reach of the attack). The 0° point is directly in front of the character and 180° is behind the character. The segments run clockwise around the character. So the first Extent tag is the horizontal reach on the 0° line, the second tag is for the line 10° clockwise, and so on. Note that a frontal attack like a simple kick could hit a target not only if he's standing at 0° (directly in front), but also at 10° or 20° to the right, and also at 340° and 350° (a bit to the left). When setting these manually, you should guess the inner and outer ranges of the reach of the attacker's bones that have damage attached to them. Test these values with an AI that blocks often. If you did it right, your attack will often be blocked, but if the extent length is too high, the AIs will react when too far from you, which does not look good.

There are two types of extents:
*'''<Extents>''' stores this info:
::<Angle> at which this extent radiates from the character.
::<Length> of this extent.
::<MinY> minimum height of this extent.
::<MaxY> maximum height of this extent.
:Length, MinY and MaxY serve to create an invisible area in space which is "dangerous to be in". If an AI intersects with this area and notices it (refer to the Notice field in [[MELE]]), it will attempt to block or dodge according to its modifiers in its MELE profile.
::The number of <Extent>s is equal to the number of attack frames: <End> minus <Start> plus one (because the start frame counts too). For example, for TRAMKONCOMkick_low1: <End>30</End> minus <Start>22</Start> plus 1 = 9 <Extent>s.

:These extents are pretty impossible to guess, so leave them alone until Neo comes up with extent computation (probably from attack bones and bone rotations). However, always add at least one set of component tags, because those Length, MinY and MaxY components will be taken as the longest extent, the lowest Y value, and the highest Y value. Without those, a character won't react to this attack.

*'''<HorizontalExtents>''' stores this info:
::36 fields (exactly 36, otherwise it won't compile back into a .oni file), which correspond to areas in 10° intervals around the character as described above.

===Using OniSplit to calculate extents===
Let's say that you want to convert a non-attack animation to a damage-dealing animation. Non-attack TRAMs do not have extents information used to notify the AIs about incoming attacks, so how do you generate this information from the animation?
:1. Export the animation to XML with a body attached. If you extract using just "-extract:xml dest_folder TRAMsomething.oni", you'll get the 3D animation data inside the XML (namely, the tags Heights, Velocities, Rotations, PositionOffset, and Positions; for an attack animation, you'll also get Attacks and AttackRing, and inside Attacks' elements, each Attack element will have Extents at the end of it).
:However, if you extract this same animation using "-extract:xml dest_folder TRAMsomething.oni '''-anim-body ONCCtramuser.oni'''", the animation data will be placed in a DAE file along with the character model geometry. Be sure to pick a body with a size that's representative of the character classes that will actually use this TRAM, because the extents will be calculated from it. The XML file will be very short without the 3D data in it — this is how we want the non-attack TRAM to look. We do not know the extents information that should go in Extents or AttackRing, so we just want to add the part that distinguishes a DAE-extracted attack TRAM XML from a DAE-extracted non-attack TRAM XML. That part is the Attacks section, without the Extents under each Attack.
:2. First, consider whether the TRAM should have something added to its Flags section, like Attack or ThrowTarget.
:3. Now add to the XML of the non-attack TRAM data in the following format (after the <SelfDamage /> section, typically):
        <Attacks>
            <Attack>
                <Start>1</Start>
                <End>10</End>
                <Bones>RightWrist RightFist</Bones>
                <Flags />
                <Knockback>4</Knockback>
                <HitPoints>10</HitPoints>
                <HitType>KnockdownHead</HitType>
                <HitLength>5</HitLength>
                <StunLength>8</StunLength>
                <StaggerLength>0</StaggerLength>
            </Attack>
        </Attacks>
:Do not add an AttackRing section after Attacks.
:4. Import this with "-create dest_folder TRAMsomething.xml". The Extents sections and the AttackRing will be calculated by OniSplit from the attached DAE.
:5. If you need this information for a patch mod, run "-extract:xml" on the TRAMsomething.oni you've created <u>without</u> using "-anim-body". Now you can copy the Extents and AttackRing data to your XML patch. For an example of how the patch should look, see the [http://mods.oni2.net/node/311 Domino Knockdowns] mod.

==Combos==
The type and order of player input for triggering a given animation type (such as PPK) is hardcoded, and new animation types cannot be created. To assign an animation type to a specific combo attack, you set a corresponding value in <Lookup><Type>.

Setting a value in the <Link> of '''<DirectAnimations>''' will do two things:
# It will increase the time window for player input, meaning the next animation can be executed more easily. (In vanilla Oni, the Crescent Moon Kick has no link in KONCOMcomb_k_k_kfw and therefore is difficult to use.)
# It disables <Interpolation><End> for the next combo anim.
# It enables <Pause><Soft> and <Pause><Hard>.

==Just Frame input==
Implemented by Delano762, inspired by the game series Tekken, a Just Frame ("JF") move means that you have to press certain keys (W+K or W+P) at the exact same time, which is more difficult than it might sound. Delano's mod [http://mods.oni2.net/node/353 54000 New Combat Moves for Konoko] has a collection of animations which utilize existing animation states differently to create new moves.

Example 1:
* new forward kick = TRAMKONCOMkick_fw_JF <FromState>Standing
** key strokes: w + k
* old forward kick = TRAMKONCOMkick_fw <FromState>RunStart
** key strokes: w, k

Example 2:
* new forward punch = TRAMKONCOMpunch_fw_JF <FromState>Standing
** key strokes: w + p
* old forward punch = TRAMKONCOMpunch_fw <FromState>RunStart
** key strokes: w, p

Note that these animations are referred to as JF moves, not JF combos. The Crescent Moon Kick, as mentioned above, is an unintentional JF combo found in vanilla Oni.

==Throws==
Throw target animations are registered in the TRAC of the throw initiator (AKA the throw source). Target animations are forced onto the other character, removing the need to have that animation in the target's TRAC. Throw target (TRAM*tgt) animations can only cover up to 256 frames (0-255).

===Forward throws===
Scenario: You load two characters into Mod Tool and rotate (+/-180°) the throw target character because you need them to stand face to face as you work on an animation. When you are done animating, the target animation would need to be reversed again. This means multiplying the velocities by -1; the rotation also needs correcting. So it looks like you need *(-1) for the x rotation and -/+180° (depending on your initial change) for the Y rotation.

====Blender script====
This is a Blender script for rotating -/+180° and adding PositionOffset to a forward throw Target animation. This was made by a hero from the Blender Discord named Danta. The add_object_offset_about_cursor_Z() function was written by Delano762.

For each frame in the range you specify, this script rotates the selected object by 180 degrees (or however many you want), and translates it by the offset found in the <TargetAdjustment> <Position> tag of the attacker's throw animation XML. It also has a frame-checking functionality that's buggy; ultimately there is no real reason at the moment to use it, but it may come in handy in the future, so it should be left in this snippet.

Step-by-step guide on using this script:
:1. Import a throw animation and its target animation into Blender.
:2. Open Scripting tab.
:3. Create a new text, and name it however you want with .py extension, e.g. TRAMAdjuster.py
:4. Paste the script.
:5. On the following lines…

	<pre>scene.frame_set(start)
		for i in range(start, end):</pre>

…set ''start'' and ''end'' to the start frame of the animation (always 0 for vanilla anims, but if you're animating and starting from 1, you'll want it set to 1) and the ''end'' to the (end + 1) frame of your animation; e.g. if you have a 99 frame animation, set ''end'' to 100.

:6. On the following line…

	<pre>add_object_offset_about_cursor_Z(obj,x,-z,-y) #translate object</pre>

…paste the values from the <Position> tag according to the order of the function arguments. The minus sign means the value should be inverted in the function. As an example, assuming you have the following <Position> tag…

	<pre><Position>1 2 -3</Position></pre>

…the function call should be as follows…

	<pre>add_object_offset_about_cursor_Z(obj,1,3,-2) #translate object</pre>

:7. Select the pelvis of the target animation.
:8. Press Shift+C to ensure your 3D cursor is in the center of the animation.
:9. Set the Transform Pivot Point to "3D Cursor".
:10. On the Scripting tab, run the script.
:11. The target should be now adjusted as expected.
:12. If you want to revert the target back to an exportable position and rotation, simply invert the Z argument in the add_object_offset_about_cursor_Z function and run the script again.

<pre>import bpy
from math import pi, radians
from mathutils import Matrix, Quaternion, Vector

obj = bpy.context.active_object
scene = bpy.context.scene


def add_object_offset_about_cursor_Z(object,x,y,z): #Translation function
	cursor_loc = bpy.context.scene.cursor.location #3D Cursor location
	
	mat = (Matrix.Translation(cursor_loc) @
		Matrix.Translation((x,y,z))) #PositionOffset translation applied
	object.matrix_world = mat @ object.matrix_world #Change applied to object

def rotate_object_about_cursor_Z(object, degrees): #Rotation function
	cursor_loc = bpy.context.scene.cursor.location #3D Cursor location
	
	mat = (Matrix.Translation(cursor_loc) @
	   Matrix.Rotation(radians(degrees), 4, 'Z') @
	   Matrix.Translation(-cursor_loc)) #Rotation applied
	   
	object.matrix_world = mat @ object.matrix_world #Change applied to object

#BUGGED KEYFRAME-CHECKING FUNCTION, NOT USED BUT MIGHT BE USEFUL IN THE FEATURE
"""def is_keyframe(ob, frame, data_path, array_index=-1):
	if ob is not None and ob.animation_data is not None and ob.animation_data.action is not None:
		for fcu in ob.animation_data.action.fcurves:
			if fcu.data_path == data_path:
				if array_index == -1 or fcu.array_index == array_index:
					return frame in (p.co.x for p in fcu.keyframe_points)
	return False

bpy.types.Object.is_keyframe = is_keyframe   """

#not really sure why those three lines are here, I think they can be left out
#obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="location", frame = 0)
#obj.matrix_world.translation += Vector((-100, 0, 0)) 
#obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="location", frame = 100)

scene.frame_set(start) #set start frame
for i in range(start, end): #loop for every frame
	#if obj.is_keyframe(i, obj.path_from_id("location")): Bugged keyframe-check
		scene.frame_set(i)
		rotate_object_about_cursor_Z(obj, 180) #rotate object
		add_object_offset_about_cursor_Z(obj,x,-z,y) #translate object
		obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="rotation_euler", frame=i) #keyframe rotation
		obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="location", frame=i) #keyframe location
</pre>

===Excel macro===
Needs update.

[[Image:Animation_macro_v4.png|right|thumb]]
* For all TRAMs except overlays. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDTPYfvMf4M Demo vid here]. Usage:
* Put your files into the "input_and_output" folder.
* Disable macro security if you don't want to have to click on the "Enable Content" button every time.
* Close other worksheets before you run the macro.
* If you are not afraid of VBA code, you can enter the dev environment by hitting Alt+F11. If you want to extend the attack library with more screenshots and settings, search for "LibraryThrows", " LibraryAttack", "Picture", and "CBAttackHelp.AddItem".

==Run animations==
Here's a breakdown of the Striker's run animations, meant as an illustration for what would be needed to make new run TRAMs.

Run cancel:
* STRIKEidle1 / another idle animation
* STRIKErun1stepa
* STRIKErun1stepb
* STRIKEidle1 / another idle animation

Run – ''a minimal cycle'':
* STRIKEidle1 / another idle animation
* STRIKErun1stepa
* STRIKErunstart
* STRIKErun_rt
* STRIKErun_lt (optional)
* STRIKErunstop
* STRIKEidle1 / another idle animation

Follow the images below from right to left.
<gallery>
Image:XML_TRAM_STRIKErunstop.png|STRIKErunstop
Image:XML_TRAM_STRIKErun_lt.png|STRIKErun_lt
Image:XML_TRAM_STRIKErun_rt.png|STRIKErun_rt
Image:XML_TRAM_STRIKErunstart.png|STRIKErunstart
Image:XML_TRAM_STRIKErun1stepa.png|STRIKErun1stepa
</gallery>

==List of unused animations==
Here are all the known unused animations. These could be recycled in a new mod.

'''From the original game'''
* KONOKOconsole_punch: What the name says (the engine can use that animation depending on the console's configuration, see [[OBD:BINA/OBJC/CONS|CONS]]) .
* KONOKOlev3_intro: Looks like she's placing something (bomb?) and then running away.
* KONOKOlev4_undress: From an aborted clothes-changing cutscene.
* KONOKOlev16_bomb: Planting a bomb.
* KONCOMsuper_kick: Now used in [[OTA]] as a spawn event, and by the fan-made character [[Shinatama Evolved]].
* KONCOMsuper_punch: KONCOMpunch_heavy but without the shouted attack name, has HalfDamage flag, and does 10 less damage in its first attack part.
* COMPISidle_special1: Comguy checking environment and his gun; meant for a feature that would visually depict an elevation in the AI's level of alertness after, say, hearing a noise.
* STRPISidle_special1: Striker checking his his gun and communicating with an ally (another unused alertness-elevation animation).
* THUGlev1_direct: Thug probably directing a truck driver.

'''From modders'''

[[Image:female_stun.jpg|right|thumb|Char A and Char B performing stun animations.]]

* http://mods.oni2.net/node/376
** StrikerKneeStepKickThrow.zip
** REDCOMjump_fw_crouch--double_flip--dae.zip
** KONprone_getup--dae.zip
** KONRIF_k_bk_throw.zip
** female_stun--dae.zip

==Special effects==
If the scene is overloaded by too many particles (including motion blur), these effects will cease being rendered. So don't overuse effects.

===Color trails===
Open the XML-accompanied TRAM, search for the "Particles" tag, and insert your markup.

First example: TRAMSTRCOMcomb_p_p.xml

[[Image:Colorful_contrail_added.png|right|thumb]]

        <Particles>
            <Particle>
                <StartFrame>0</StartFrame>
                <EndFrame>12</EndFrame>
                <Bone>LeftFist</Bone>
                <Name>contrail</Name>
            </Particle>
        </Particles>

"contrail" is looked up by the character class (ONCC) that emits the actual particle; here it is "h2h_strtrail_e01".

This second example is about creating two different contrails in a TRAM at the same time. The animation is "TRAMSTRCOMpunch_heavy.xml".

[[Image:Different_contrails_in_attack.png|right|thumb]]

        <Particles>
            <Particle>
                <Start>0</Start>
                <End>54</End>
                <Bone>RightWrist</Bone>
                <Name>contrail</Name>
            </Particle>
            <Particle>
                <Start>0</Start>
                <End>54</End>
                <Bone>LeftWrist</Bone>
                <Name>'''contrail_2'''</Name>
            </Particle>
        </Particles>

Note that you need to register the second contrail in the ONCC as well. Using your own contrail particle is also possible; just insert its name between the <Type> tags.

            <ONCPParticle>
                <Name>contrail</Name>
                <Type>h2h_strtrail_e01</Type>
                <BodyPart>-1</BodyPart>
            </ONCPParticle>
            <ONCPParticle>
                <Name>'''contrail_2'''</Name>
                <Type>'''h2h_murtrail_e01'''</Type>
                <BodyPart>-1</BodyPart>
            </ONCPParticle>

===Motion blur===
[[Image:XML_TRAM_willow_kick_with_motion_blur.jpg|thumb|200px]]

===Impact effect===
[[Image:XML_TRAM_KONCOMkick_fw_with_ninflash1.jpg|thumb|200px]]

See also [[XML:ONCC]].

{{XML}}