Restless Souls/Technology: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 09:59, 29 May 2014

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new cool example of a symbiosis - no resistance to antibiotica mix over millions of years

Paradox-01

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 <!-- fiction -->''
-After the WCG was established, they let labs realize plans to undo nuclear contaminations. [Mention motive here: justification, ergo demonstrating power of collected forces] Their solution was an artificial created mycorrhiza. That symbiosis of plants and fungi is supposed to absorb radioactive isotopes and store them in a kind of nut. Drones were going to collect them. The hull contained bitters so that animals didn't feed on them. The plant was unable to propagate because their cells, including DNA and its mutations, dissolved after [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140404140403.htm one year]. The time control was necessary because the mycorrhiza would not only clean the soil but also devour whole forests to collect the radionuclides inside non-animal organisms. To accelerate the development, all mechanisms were tested [[wikipedia:In_silico|in silico]] against critical mutations. In the lab it seemed stable enough so the officials pushed for field tests.
+After the WCG was established, they let labs realize plans to undo nuclear contaminations. [Mention motive here: justification, ergo demonstrating power of collected forces] Their solution was an artificial created [[wikipedia:Mycorrhiza|mycorrhiza]]. That symbiosis of plants and fungi is supposed to absorb radioactive isotopes and store them in a kind of nut. Drones were going to collect them. The hull contained bitters so that animals didn't feed on them. The plant was unable to propagate because their cells, including DNA and its mutations, dissolved after [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140404140403.htm one year]. The time control was necessary because the mycorrhiza would not only clean the soil but also devour whole forests to collect the radionuclides inside non-animal organisms. To accelerate the development, all mechanisms were tested [[wikipedia:In_silico|in silico]] against critical mutations. In the lab it seemed stable enough so the officials pushed for field tests.
 In nature the mycorrhiza accumulated mutations in an unpredicted way. With the silenced fail-safe measures, the mycorrhiza was able to spread out uncontrolled. During the next years it influenced other organisms. This marked the beginning of the BioCrisis. Since then reclamation teams are fighting back the wilderness and WCG is trying to hide their fatal errors from public. Nobody wanted to take the blame.
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 : Incorporation of genetic material happened more than once. When the human genome was [[wikipedia:DNA_sequencing|sequenced]] on a  [[wikipedia:Human_Genome_Project|great scale]], only 1.4% has been found out to encode our ''building material'' - the proteins - the rest appeared to be "junk" DNA. Today we know that 8.5% are old retroviruses (HERVs). -- This brings Agent Smith from the movie Matrix into mind when he [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Na9-jV_OJI classified humans as a virus] because of certain similarities: according to him humans replicated unchecked, consume all resources, and spread to a new area (host) when one area ran out of resources. Now he would have a genetic proof you might think: our DNA is more "virus" than "human". -- Well, the old retroviruses are almost all defective so they don't matter much. Also, noncoding but function holding RNA and regulatory sequences - ''tools'' and ''building instructions'' - have been identified from the junk by now. So, yes, no need to panic, we are still human enough.
+====Insect and bacteria====
+{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
+|
+'''Faithful allies since the Cretaceous: Symbiosis between beewolves and protective bacteria originated millions of years ago'''
+[...] A particularly fascinating defensive alliance occurs in the European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum), a digger wasp that hunts honeybees and provisions them for its offspring in underground nests. Previous research has shown that bacterial symbionts of the genus [[wikipedia: Streptomyces|Streptomyces]] live in the wasp's antennae and on the larval cocoons. The bacteria produce a cocktail of nine different antibiotics that fend off detrimental fungi and bacteria from infecting the developing larva in the cocoon. This strategy to avoid infections is comparable to the combination prophylaxis used in human medicine.
+The scientists now reconstructed the phylogenies of different beewolf species and their symbionts. An analysis of the beewolf phylogeny revealed that the symbiosis with Streptomyces first originated in the late Cretaceous, between 68 and 110 million years ago. At present, about 170 species of wasps live in symbiosis with the protective bacteria. [...]
+'''source:'''<br>- http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140414154450.htm
+{{divhide|German translation ...}}
+'''Treue Verbündete seit der Kreidezeit: Symbiose zwischen Bienenwölfen und schützenden Bakterien entstand vor Millionen von Jahren'''
+Eine besonders faszinierende Verteidigungsallianz trifft man beim europäischen Bienenwolf an (Philanthus triangulum), einer Grabwespe, die nach Honigbienen jagt und diese ihrem Nachwuchs in Untergrundnestern als Verpflegung bringt. Vorige Forschung hat gezeigt, dass die Bakteriensymbionten der Gattung [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces  Streptomyces] in den Antennen und auf den Kokons der Wespe leben. Die Bakterien produzieren einen Cocktail aus neun verschiedenen Antibiotika, die schädliche Pilze und Bakterien davon abhalten die sich entwickelnde Larve im Kokon zu infizieren. Diese Strategie Infektionen zu vermeiden ist vergleichbar mit der Kombinationsprophylaxe, die in der menschlichen Medizin angewendet wird.
+Die Wissenschaftler rekonstruierten nun die Stammesgeschichten der verschiedenen Bienenwolf-Arten und ihrer Symbionten. Die Analyse der Bienenwolf-Stammesgeschichte offenbarte, dass die Symbiose mit Streptomyces in der späten Kreidezeit entstand, vor etwa 68 bis 110 Millionen Jahren. Derzeit leben etwa 170 Wespenarten in Symbiose mit Schutz bietenden Bakterien.
+{{divhide|end}}
+|}