User talk:Neo

Heh, EdT wants explosive barrels, right? Well, me too.

Nah, here comes my request. Is there possibility to increase total amount of spawned PAR3 ? Currently it is 1000. I think like 100 000 would be nice. Or is it short, limited to about 65 000 ??? That would be nice as well.

REASON: 1000 particles maximum. Each decal is count as particle. We want to make AE shinier. That involves more particles spawned at one time, especially during gang fights. Even in original Oni, when playing arena scripts, sometimes you can see that victim is hit but no flash appears as all decals are used at that moment. So we should increase number of decals for those flashes. But then, when limit (1000) is hit, engine starts removing the oldest particles again.

100 000 is maybe overrated, but I think it this way: 200 decals for each fight PAR3, 5 000 for each various bulletholes/burns/shrapnels/casing/shielding/etc.

Thank you in advance.

P.S.: XML TRAMs? You rock! ^_^

--Loser 07:23, 10 September 2008 (CEST)

For decals you can try changing this value in the exe:

 0x4EAD6: ff 8f 01 00 - int32, decal buffer size in bytes

For particles you can try changing these:

 0x55D63: 50 C3 00 00 - int32, particle memory block size 
 0x55D9F: 50 C3 00 00
 0x55DAD: 50 C3 00 00
 0x582CF: 50 C3 00 00

The decals hack might work (try double that value) but I'm not sure about particles. It would be simpler to increase the number of 50000 bytes memory blocks (the default is 100) but that cannot be done so we need to increase the block size which can lead to unexpected problems.

And there's no way you can get 100000 particles unless you have a 100GHz processor :)

Neo

OniSplit 0.9.27

OniSplit v0.9.27

Bugfixes and xml export/import for TMBD.

Neo

Hey, testing out TRAM import right now...using it for an explosive barrel.

I have a 1 frame animation where the pelvis consists of this - <EKey>1 0 0 0</EKey> I know the first part is the number of frames, but what are the others? I need to rotate the barrel 90 degrees upward.

See this:

Gumby 19:25, 11 September 2008 (CEST)

You can take a look here: OBD:TRAM/raw0x34. Appart from the fact that I swapped the number of frames with the rotations it's the same thing. To summarize:

The 3 values after number of frames are:

• rotations around X, Y and Z axes
• stored as signed integers with values between -32768 and 32767

To convert those values to degrees you need to multiply by (180 / 32767.5).

To convert from degrees you need to multiply by (32767.5 / 180).

You probably need to rotate the barrel by 90 degrees around X or Z axis. That probably means <EKey>1 16384 0 0</EKey> or <EKey>1 0 0 16384</EKey>

Neo

Hah! It worked. Thank you very much. I was wondering why they were so large, for being rotations. ^_^

Gumby 22:06, 11 September 2008 (CEST)

A mystery: If you set a character to be invulnerable through the TRAM, the refuses to shoot you with the Black Adder. Do you know why?

Gumby 01:16, 12 September 2008 (CEST)

Nope. Are you sure it is because of the invulnerability?

Neo

Thanks you for TRAM done. You are No.1

Anyways, here is report on increasing particle memory blocks' size: Failure. Max value that was Oni able to withstand was FF|FF|00|00. Then there was maybe + 10 or so particles, but in exchange it was extremely unstable. More than 65535 resulted in crash when some particle was spawned. Dang it. This is 100% wrong way.

Decal buffer incrementation: Failure as well. Tried 2x original value, then 1.5x. Oni hangs in both cases when there is too much decals. And last decal was weridly deformed.

No use. We need new engine or source... but thank you for informations.

P.S.: How can I find if I caused memory corruption ? I am modyfing throws now, and Geyser told me that in previous version of TRAM modifications, some TRAMs caused mem corruption. I don't want to repeat same mistakes. Thank you in advance.

--Loser 16:12, 12 September 2008 (CEST)

OK, I did some more checks:

• Particles: there's basically no way to have a particle block larger than 65535. However, to my knowledge the maximum size of a particle is 256 bytes so with this increase you should be able to get 600 more particles (60 / per block * 100 blocks).
• Decals: in theory it is possible to increase the decal buffer size but the hack would be rather extensive. Basically you would need something like Daodan dll to replace some function in the exe.

TRAM and memory corruption: tipically you cannot find it until the game crashes. If you manage to make it crash consistently with new animations then give me the animations and I'll see what I can do.

Neo

On the invulnerable TRAM: Yes, I am sure. The character has the invulnerable animation as a default. I commmand him to do another animation, he gets shot at. When the animation stops, and his invunerable idle animation starts, the shooting stops again.

On something else:

I thought dangerous particle awareness was fixed, but avoiding them was broken? In this image: It seems that awareness is still broken, look at the blue (or used to be blue, until my image editing program messed up the colors) lines. They still point toward the origin. Aren't they supposed to point toward the danger? However, he does avoid it properly as long as you aren't standing between him and the origin.

Gumby 22:14, 12 September 2008 (CEST)

Invulnerable TRAM: so, if my understanding is correct an AI character won't shoot at another character that runs an invulnerable animation and that happens only with Black Adder? Kind of strange if it happens only with one particular weapon.

Projectile awareness: there's another bug in that function, here's the fix

• file offset 0x9C110, new value 0x6C

Neo

Thanks. I've only tested the TRAM against the Black adder, SBG, and Plasma Rifle. Let me go try the VDG and the Campbell.

Gumby 23:04, 12 September 2008 (CEST)

http://gumby701.googlepages.com/bomber.wmv

Gumby 23:58, 12 September 2008 (CEST)

Earlier today I realized that, at least with my copy of the modded Oni executable, AI does not avoid persistent dangers like the Screaming Cell or Scram warheads, only gunfire that I emit constantly from my weapon. Is that supposed to be fixed, or will the above hex change fix it, or was it never fixed at all? I know I saw a hack for avoiding the Cell being demoed on YouTube quite some time ago.

@ Gumby's vid: o.O The lines don't seem to have any bearing on the Thug's ability to dodge the threat; also, why didn't the MB disappear post-explosion? --Iritscen 03:32, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Yes, use that hex value. The lines do something. :D They don't appear if there isn't a threat. They are supposed to point towards the bomber, but they don't. Don't know why, but I'm looking into it, unless Neo knows. When you use stuff like the Screaming Cannon, the lines point toward the warhead (IIRC).

Gumby 06:00, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

So I can't see mem corruption until it crashes? Good X_X. Heh, here comes my two cents for AI2 dodging:

1st, Gumby, that blue-lines-constantly-point-to-origin bug was reported by me several months ago. I reported it repeatedly, even with video proof, but got nothing ("you have to wait, we have more important things to do..."). So thank you that you finally got answer for me ^_^. You are like magician. You ask -> you get.

2nd, those blue lines are pointing towards "source of danger" (Neo has better name for it?). In case of firingspread, source is character's weapon. In case of projectiles, source is dangerous projectile. That green line is something like "vector of movement", pointing where character moves right now. Dodging can be (at least for firingspread) modified in ONCC. You can set how strong is this "vector" of dodging (so when AI2 has vector towards you AND you shoot, it can dodge more or less). You can also set how long this vector should last from the moment it was created. Don't know if those values affect projectile dodging as well.

Iritscen: Instructions how to get projectile awerness (credits go to Neo): In standard EXE, find and change:

0x9C07C: change 30 to 6C

0x9C080: change 34 to 70

0x9C084: change 38 to 74

0x9C110: change 30 to 6C

That should do it.

Hey Neo, can we delete collision stuff at the top of the page? I saved it, so it is not neccessary to leave it here. And that paragraph is huge. Or better: Can I move it to some other page?

--Loser 07:57, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Thank geyser. I asked him on it, and then he must have asked Neo. But the bomber awareness is still messed up. No matter what, he dodges in the direction of the origin. Look at the video again. The blue lines aren't pointed towards the bomber, AND he runs toward the bomber (and the origin, i think), instead of away. And thank you Loser for making the wonderful ONCCs that come with Edition. They really help with dodging. You will have to help me soon though. I'm working on making the bombers more "suicidal". :)

Gumby 08:16, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Hey Neo, how do I add a Character collision event + attachement in a PAR3 xml file?

Gumby 08:40, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Some quick answer to the projectile awareness stuff:

• there was a bug which prevent it from computing correctly the distance between character and projectile; this one prevent dodging completly
• there was another bug (the new 0x9C110 fix) that cause it to see a wrong direction vector; this one caused "alwatys dodge towards origin" behvaior
• I don't know what's up with the bomber. I'm quite surprised that it does any kind of dodging because the bomber is not a projectile. I assume it tries to dodge the death particle but that particle has no velocity and that may cause the behavior you are seeing.

Neo

Hmm. A zero value for velocity might screw up things? I'll try to make a bomber particle that moves up and down or something.

Gumby 08:57, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Particle stuff:

• for character collision event (HitCharacter) see one of the particles used with weapon, for example BINA3RAPw1_tap_p01.
• for attachment add <HasAttachmentMatrix>true</HasAttachmentMatrix> in Properties section

Neo

More things I missed\messed up in my reply:

• The thug dodges toward an axis.
• The bomber was shapeshifted Konoko, making the body not disappear
• The old screamer video was unmodded Oni
• Remember that the hex changes are PC only

Gumby 09:34, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Loser, I oughta slap you around with a large trout for this - I reported it repeatedly, even with video proof, but got nothing ("you have to wait, we have more important things to do..."). - you could at least have linked to your report, so that people can see what I really told you then.

And as for this - Hey Neo, can we delete collision stuff at the top of the page? I saved it, so it is not neccessary to leave it here. - I oughta slap you with an even larger trout for being so selfish about documentation. Where have you backed up that knowledge? on your own HDD? why, thank you...

And you know what else? maybe then I should club you to death with the mother of all trouts, for deleting important documentation like the dodge-related "video proof" from your oni2.net account. It's irresponsible to go deleting stuff like that.

geyser 11:05, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Iritscen, when you say this - I know I saw a hack for avoiding the Cell being demoed on YouTube quite some time ago. - your "knowledge" is wrong. Look at the video again, then at its end titles, then at the video details and comments: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8zpfiHeR_s

Because of the nature of the bug, dodging mostly worked as long as the dodging took place close to the level's origin, so for the needs of the trailer, for example, it was already quite possible to set up an actual sequence, with anything from screamer to grenade to bomber.

Loser up there gave you instructions for the standard PC engine: AE:EXE. There is no corresponding hack for the PC demo of for OMNI's engine yet. Keep an eye on this page, which will be updated with the info soon enough: AE:OMNI

geyser 11:05, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Wow, I got PWNED. Hard. And I accept it ^_^.

I reported it repeatedly, even with video proof, but got nothing ("you have to wait, we have more important things to do...")

*slap, right cheek hurts* - My apologies, I was mistaken. Sorry about it.

Hey Neo, can we delete collision stuff at the top of the page? I saved it, so it is not neccessary to leave it here

*Fish strike parried*- эй, экономи рыбу, друг ( hey, save teh fish, friend) and read next but one line instead: Or better: Can I move it to some other page?

maybe then I should club you to death...

*slap, left cheek hurts* Do it ^_^. It was accident, really. I was cleaning some other files in video folder (those which were really old) but this was poor casualty together with other one video (about weird character-stair collisions)

So what. Now I am going to post that collision stuff on some page (and you will most likely rearrange it then ^_-). I am glad that AI2s finally fully react on projectiles, many thanks to Neo and you. And as for my old videos... let them R.I.P (and put me next to them if you want ^_^ ).

--Loser 12:23, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Hey, Neo, just remembered something. Your ONWC export needs a slight change.

0x048 - 'roughjustice' delay between shots in frames

Gumby 23:25, 13 September 2008 (CEST)

Partially fixed the awareness. I need to figure out why the spheres don't move like they are supposed to be doing. I have a feeling once I get them to move around, the characters will "pay attention" to them better.

http://drop.io/download/48cc75dc/b7052019762bf4f5aa859de9bb6689d9bb5f32c1/b2b104c0-6431-012b-6d03-0012799407ec/167e5950-6432-012b-19f4-f1daf8099b16/aware.wmv

Gumby 07:41, 14 September 2008 (CEST)

Aha. It worked. I just need to make it attract (to me) properly. Why don't Particle flags show up in "-help enums"?

Gumby 07:59, 14 September 2008 (CEST)

Two bugs.

1. Characters can get stuck in the corner if you use soemthing like the screamer. (They try to run away, but get cornered, and don't want to dodge through the particle. Pretty predictable, normal behavoir. No big deal).

2. If character cannot see the character that created a dangerous particle, they don't dodge it at all.

Gumby 08:58, 14 September 2008 (CEST)

OniSplit 0.9.28

OniSplit v0.9.28

• added xml support for ONIE.
• -help enums now lists particle related values

Neo

Aha, thanks very much.

Gumby 21:39, 14 September 2008 (CEST)

Note about ONIE import: keep in mind that if you want to add new impact/materials you'll have to manually create the coresponding Mtrl*.oni and Impt*.oni files.

Neo

Neo, Can you please add to your to-do list the ability to import SNDD files, this is a request from OCF. Thanks EdT 19:27, 20 September 2008 (CEST)

Minor IGSt bug found. The import doesn't recognize new lines which comes from "<text> </text>". There're 00 instead of 20 (one per such instance) in the reconverted file.

Paradox-01 16:35, 26 September 2008 (CEST)

Hey, just posting on the issue of the animation freezing bug (the camera flying away when you enter a cheat). It seems that the flag in memory is only turned on when you exit the menu, not when you enter the cheat. Ahh, not sure if that helps. It has been happening to me a lot lately (every time I open the game), but it could be anything from using Rossy's C dll (testing if that aggravates it), to...well I don't know. If you could take a look at it that would be great though.Gumby 06:27, 28 September 2008 (CEST)

Neo,

I got this error message when importing a TRBS:

 System.IndexOutOfRangeException: Array index is out of range.
 at Oni.Vector2.FromArray (System.Single[] values, Int32 index) [0x00000] 
 at (wrapper delegate-invoke) System.MulticastDelegate:invoke_Vector2_single[]_int (single[],int)
 at Oni.Geometry.DaeConverter.CompressDuplicates[Vector2] (Oni.Geometry.Dae.GeometryInput input, System.Collections.Generic.List`1 list,   System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2 index, Oni.Func`3 elementReader) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.Geometry.DaeConverter.FromDaeGeometry (Oni.Geometry.Dae.Geometry daeGeometry, Boolean createNormals, Boolean createShell, Single shellOffset) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.Geometry.BodyImporter.ReadBodyPartsRecursive (Oni.Geometry.Dae.Node node, System.Collections.Generic.List`1 list) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.Geometry.BodyImporter.ReadBodyParts (Oni.Geometry.Dae.Scene scene) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.Geometry.BodyImporter.Import (System.String filePath, System.String outputDirPath) [0x00000] 
at Oni.Program.CreateBody (System.String[] args) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.Program.Main (System.String[] args) [0x00000]  (1)

EDIT: Upon more investigation, it appears the problem is from an update to Cheetah3D4.6, when I export the file from Cheetah3d4.4, I do not get the error message. If you're interested, here are the 3 collada files of Konoko generic, no changes http://edt.oni2.net/OniSplit/TRBSkonoko.zip (OniSplit export, Cheetah3D4.4 and Cheetah3D4.6, both Cheetah versions were exported first as FBX, then converted to DAE by FBXconverter) EdT 02:19, 29 September 2008 (CEST)

2 quick answers:

• IGSt space - you need to add a xml:space="preserve" attribute for those Text elements:

 <Text xml:space="preserve"> </Text>

I'll try to make OniSplit add that automatically in the next version, I didn't know that there are such cases.

• Cheetah 3D4.6 - the coresponding Collada files looks "corrupted". Basically it contains wrong texture coordinate indices I suspect that there is a bug somewhere but not in OniSplit.

Neo

Ed, since there's a converter involved, please provide the FBX that are output by Cheetah. Either the converter does everything correctly, and the bad UV indices come from the FBX (which should be reported to Cheetah's dev); or the FBX confuses the heck out of the converter in a more subtle way (this can be a bug of either program). Not that we are guaranteed to find out the reason, but letting us have the FBX would help the investigation. --geyser 21:47, 13 October 2008 (CEST)

geyser, here are the files this is what the developer said about the problem "Although the FBX SDK imports the Cheetah3D FBX files correctly the Collada exporter messes them up. But the Collada support in the FBX SDK is a big problem since years and things are improving just slowly"

Also, is there a table or chart that shows the relationship between the BSL name and the function name? For example chr_set_class -> _iSetCharacterClass. I want to see if I can patch the game myself, but I have no idea what function would correspond to such things as sc_bind_f2, co_display, wp_kickable, door_ignore_locks and so on. Thanks EdT 01:26, 14 October 2008 (CEST)

FBX: The FBX converter crashes while trying to convert that file to Collada. Softimage XSI loads the file but the exported Collada files contains no texture coordinates. So, I don't know what's going on, looks like the FBX file is bad.

BSL: There is no such table. The best bet is picking them from the PC exe disassembly :). Neo

FBX, its no problem, I can use the older version of Cheetah3D.

BSL, can you recommend a PC disassembler, I can use it under VirtualPC. Also, can you show me how find the link between the BSL function like sc_bind_f2 and the function name in the engine using the disassembler. Like the saying goes "Give a man a fish, he eats for a day. Teach a man to fish and he eats for a lifetime" Please teach me how to fish :-) EdT 16:09, 14 October 2008 (CEST)

FBX - I don't know, I saw all kinds of problems with all kinds of 3D file formats. Basically I know of no file format or application that's 100% guaranteed to work properly.

BSL - For PC disassembling you can use the free version of IDA. See here for my IDA database file. I don't think you can bind sc_bind_f2 easily (compared to others). It's a string variable and nothing in the Mac exe uses them so nobody calls the function that's supposed to register string variables. Neo

Thanks for the link and the database, but now I need the fishing instruction :-) Can you show me how I can find the engine function related to the BSL function. I tried a text search for chr_focus, got the results, but I could not find out how it pointed to _SetMainCharacter. Once I see it in the PC engine, then I will look for it in the Mac engine. EdT 07:30, 15 October 2008 (CEST)

Do a text search for "chr_focus" starting from the beginning. The first one you come up with should be a long list of console variables. Now look two lines below. You see "_SetMainCharacter" now? Double click it, and you can get the offset. Gumby 08:21, 15 October 2008 (CEST)

Smacks head! Thanks EdT 21:58, 15 October 2008 (CEST)

I'm trying to port my Oni from PC to Mac by recombining the *.oni file at the new location. This works fine in general but SNDD give me an error. (I could play without sound but wouldn't like to.)

Here's the error I faced:

System.IO.InvalidDataException: File/Users/.../Desktop/Oni/Oni/GameDataFolder/level0_Final/SNDDzomshin_amb_loop.aif.oni cannot be imported due to conflicting template checksums
 at Oni.InstanceFileWriter.AddDescriptor (Oni.InstanceDescriptor descriptor) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.InstanceFileWriter.AddDescriptors (System.Collections.Generic.List`1 descriptors, Boolean removeDuplicates) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.OniImporter.Import (Oni.FileManager fileManager, System.String inputDirPath, System.String filePath, Int64 targetTemplateChecksum) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.Program.Import (System.String[] args) [0x00000] 
 at Oni.Program.Main (System.String[] args) [0x00000]  (1)

Any idea how to avoid/fix this?

--Paradox-01 15:19, 19 October 2008 (CEST)

Dox, the SNDD format is different on Mac and PC. If you want to use PC sounds on a Mac, you need to rip them as WAV and reencode them in the Mac format. OniSplit doesn't import sounds Yet(TM). P.S. Serves you right for getting a Mac ^_^ --geyser 16:04, 19 October 2008 (CEST)

Ja ja, lach ruhig. ^_^ But still I can use the advantages of both systems now. --Paradox-01 16:21, 19 October 2008 (CEST)

---

So, uh, watching the '99 trailer, I am scoping out the realtime shadows (Cf. the throwing clip at 1:17 if you want a clear example). Of course it is a rough-looking implementation because the tech at the time no doubt could only handle those coarse meshes, but it looks like both blood and shadows ran off this system and then it was replaced with the simple dark-spot shadows that we have now. I am sure you/geyser must have noticed this by now, but I don't see where it has been discussed. So... this capability is not still in the code, is it? Also, a second question: the shadows that objects cast onto the floor in-game: where do they come from? Some of them are pretty wacky, and I personally have a hard time believing they are being mapped dynamically by the engine based upon the nearby lighting. Examples include the crates in the Warehouse. --Iritscen 04:51, 21 October 2008 (CEST)

Iritscen, I always assumed that blood was a particle effect. Gumby 07:09, 21 October 2008 (CEST)

Adding some more interesting points, in the PC I found these:

0001:001073F0       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_CharacterPolygonCount
0001:00107440       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_RayCastCount
0001:00107490       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_NumDirectionalLights
0001:001074E0       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_RayCount
0001:00107530       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportTrilinear
0001:00107540       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportCosmeticCorpses
0001:00107550       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportHighQualityCorpses
0001:00107560       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_NeverUseSuperLow

But the Mac has a few more:

0001:00072C04       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_CharacterPolygonCount
0001:00072C7C       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_RayCastCount
0001:00072CF4       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_NumDirectionalLights
0001:00072D6C       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_RayCount
0001:00072DE4       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportShadows
0001:00072E10       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportTrilinear
0001:00072E3C       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportReflectionMapping
0001:00072E68       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportHighQualityTextures
0001:00072E94       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportCosmeticCorpses
0001:00072EC0       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_SupportHighQualityCorpses
0001:00072EEC       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_NeverUseSuperLow
0001:00072F18       _ONrMotoko_GraphicsQuality_HardwareBink

Any ideas on how to test the SupportShadows, SupportHighQualityTextures, SupportReflectionMapping?

SupportShadows, SupportHighQualityTextures and SupportReflectionMapping have the same code as SupportCosmeticCorpses so the compiler/linker axed them and kept only one copy of the code.

SupportHighQualityTextures is used by a piece of code that doesn't appear to exist on PC. It seems that if the graphics quality level is set to low it will ignore the texture mipmaps.

I saw that trailer and its shadows but the question is if that's real-time, in-game graphics or not. There's no trace of such thing in any of the executables I saw. Besides I kind of doubt it that it was possible to get reasonable fast shadows using OpenGL 1.x and the graphics hardware available at that time (and don't forget that Oni is anyway a CPU hog). Halo PC which came out in 2003 has nice (optional) shadows but there's no chance to get it to work on video cards Oni ran on.

Shadows as we see them in Oni are just decals and that's why sometimes they show up in unexpected places like those crates, they're simply "projected" to nearby quads. Try firing the sbg to the corner of a room and you'll see what I'm talking about. And there isn't any "nearby lighting" either. All the light in Oni is static, backed into the environment quads by using vertex colors. There may be some static lighting to avoid flat looking characters but that's pretty much all of it.

Neo

Interesting, I had no idea the object shadows were decals. But then, what determined their placement? Is it fixed as part of the level data, or based on some calculation?

P.S.: I actually do think those character shadows were in-game and real-time, but that's just my own opinion. For one thing, the game gets choppy here and there in that footage, such as the throw I mentioned at 1:17. If it can get choppy, it has to be recorded in real-time, not pre-rendered. And if it's real-time, some machine, somewhere was producing that footage. That doesn't mean that it was running acceptably; there are no shots of more than two or three characters onscreen, so we don't know if performance was bombing because of the shadows and they took them out (and they are straight-down anyway, not being calculated with respect to lighting, so that would have made it simpler). A bit of research indicates that games were starting to use dynamic shadows not long after that point in time, although it was surprisingly hard to get any solid answers about what games debuted with shadow mapping, and in what years. Oh well, this is all just a talking point now, it's not something we can do anything about.

--Iritscen 16:28, 21 October 2008 (CEST)

It seems to me that Iritscen and Neo mean different things when it comes to "those crates" in the Warehouse. The decal mentioned by Neo is just the round shadow texture, projected downwards from the player's position onto all non-vertical quads (even those flagged as walls), which looks weird when the quad is a nearly vertical wall. Iritscen's question, however, seems to be about "shadows cast by objects", in this case, by the crates themselves. As Neo said, environment lighting in Oni starts and ends with baked vertex colors, which were computed from light sources; this is never very accurate for coarse geometry, and the exact algorithm that was used is unknown: we don't even know for sure if the vertex colors were authored in Max/AutoCAD or if they were generated by Oni-specific code. Triangulated meshes have real-time Gouraud shading instead (and env mapping).

As for the shadows in the 1999 trailer, they were definitely ingame stuff. Like Iritscen says, they're just vertical projections of the character's body. One solution was to draw a round shadow for every one of the 19 bones, but I think what we see is essentially a set of decals based on the dynamic pathfinding grid. I wouldn't be surprised if those shadows used the same code as the pathfinding algorithms: if the body of a character is detected above a certain grid square, that square is flagged as an obstacle and a shadow decal is drawn on it. As for why those shadows were scrapped: they're not too distractive in the trailer (which is why I hadn't noticed them until now; honest), but since they're based on an axis-aligned grid, they'd look awful in a lot of situations. I'm glad we have a smooth, round shadow now, not some dark tiles flashing in and out as we move.

geyser 17:12, 21 October 2008 (CEST)

Thanks, geyser, that was indeed what I was asking about in question 2, shadows on objects like crates. Your answer makes sense, as to why the shadows are so crappy ^_^. Strange that Oni's lighting system seems so much more primitive than Marathon's from 7 years earlier.

Just an FYI on the real-time shadow topic: it looks like they were using shadow mapping, which as far as I understand, is the generation of a new texture that overlays a surface. That texture, until recent advancements in processor speed, needed to be very low-res, which is why the trailer shadows look like a collection of fuzzy squares; it's because it's a very "blown-up" texture. It's true that is doesn't seem to add much to the game (esp. versus the CPU cost it must have meant), but human shadows are basically round blobs anyway at that angle so the current "spot decal" shadows make little difference; imagine what it would have done for the Iron Demon, though....

--Iritscen 18:01, 21 October 2008 (CEST)

Maybe you should have provided a screenshot for "question 2", because at this moment neither I nor Neo have a clear idea of what precise crappy shadow you're looking at. Same for Marathon's lighting: what is so elaborate about it, really? If it's flawless, it's only because the geometry (and lighting) of Marathon levels is much more primitive than what we have in Oni, IMHO. As far as I can tell, it's the same flat shading as in Doom/DarkForces/DukeNukem3D/whatever (with amounts of lighting defined per polygon, not per vertex).

As for "question 1", you can call those character shadows shadow-mapped if you want, but as far as I can tell they have nothing to do with textures and UVs generated at runtime (which is what shadow mapping is about). To me, it definitely looks like the sphere tree of the character is projected downwards onto a grid, and the grid squares are then shaded with decals placed at fixed positions, switched on and off. The alpha amount of the squares is apparently not proportional to the amount of overlap: this allows for an evenly shaded interior, but the edge is fuzzy. The grid is quite coarse throughout the trailer, but it is much finer in the multiplayer arena at 1:37, for example: in that scene you can also see that since the projection is that of an upright sphere tree, for increasingly fine grids the shadow will look more and more like a circle. In that sense, the single dynamic decal that we have now is a consistent improvement over whatever those "shadow maps" were: it looks just like a super-high-resolution "shadow map", only smoother. Also note that the Iron Demon doesn't have a shadow at all in that trailer, so whatever shadow map was being computed from its sphere tree, it probably sucked.

geyser 19:19, 21 October 2008 (CEST)

Not sure we really want an in-depth discussion about this on Neo's talk page, but if you like we can move it to somewhere else; for now I'll respond here, since you asked here...

• "What crappy shadows?" Any of them, pretty much. But if you need visual aids, let me ask you what the heck is going on here, let me point out that many shadows are of erratic shadiness and height, and some crates are lacking shadows completely in the back of that last shot. Also, count the things wrong here. Finally, Gumby contributed an example the other day: explain why the shadows move towards the light if they're not crappy. You yourself already acknowledged that the baked-in shadows were not good, so I can't understand your sudden puzzlement, but there ya go.
• "As far as I can tell [etc. etc.]". As far as I can tell, you haven't been looking very hard. If you wanted to be lazy you could have just asked me on YIM for evidence, but I guess I have to take up more space on this page to answer the question you posted here: these lights are dynamic. Some lights even flicker in and out, with the expected changes in shadowing. And even though this is from the OpenGL-powered port, they looked exactly the same in 1994 when the game came out. Now, it's true that those are dynamic lights, not dynamic shadows, and they are in a hard-edged style not a softened style, but I just wanted to illustrate how much nicer Marathon's interplay of light and darkness is than Oni's. My question was why Oni couldn't do those sorts of calculations dynamically too. Don't jump all over me.
• Re: How the shadow mapping works. We are saying close to the same thing here. I don't dispute/care how the shadows are calculated from the characters' models, I just think they are generated on-the-fly, not being applied as decals. Decals are fixed images stored in a resource file, whereas these look more like shaded boxes being filled in on a grid using vertices (also you called out current shadow "dynamic", and it's the opposite, it's static). It would be very non-standard to use static decals for shadow mapping, but whatever. I don't argue Oni would have looked better as it was back then. If we could bring back that technology from within the code (which we probably can't, this is just a hypothetical sentence so don't flip out), then we could probably also increase the grid resolution and make it look nicer; otherwise it is just something I pointed out for the sake of pointing it out. And it's true that the ID didn't have the shadows, that's interesting.

--Iritscen 21:30, 21 October 2008 (CEST)

---

Large textures

Hey Ed, remember that patch for larger textures that didn't work on Mac? Try doing it again and additionally change the following bytes:

 0x12200AF: replace 0x06 with 0x16 for 512x512 (or 0x46 for 1024x1024)
 0x12200B3: same as above

If 0x16 (0x46) fails try with 0x17 (0x47).

Neo

Delorean in 1024x1024 glory:

EdT 17:53, 21 October 2008 (CEST)

I just want to thank Neo and geyser for the work they've done on the Mac side, it doesn't really benefit you guys and yet you still help us out. Many thanks! --Iritscen 18:11, 21 October 2008 (CEST)