Restless Souls/Technology: Difference between revisions

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==Daodan Chrysalis==
==Daodan Chrysalis==
===Hasegawa's motive and criticism===
===origin and criticism===


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Nach der Nuklearkatastrophe in Fukushima 2011 dachte man auch über die Dekontaminiertung mittles Pflanzen nach. Die WCG ließ schließlich unter Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit eine künstlich erschaffene Mykorrhiza in den betroffenen Gebieten anpflanzen. Diese Symbiose aus Pflanze und Pilz sollte die radioaktiven Isotope aufnehmen und in einer Art Nuss lagern. Die Hülle enthält verschiedene Bitterstoffe damit Tiere sie nicht fressen. Erntedrohnen hätten dann die strahlenden Anreicherungen entsorgt.
NipponBiotec, die für die Entwicklung der Mykorrhiza verantwortlich war, sorge dafür, dass die Pflanze steril war und nach Ablauf eines Jahres ihr Zellen samt DNA auflöste. Man wollte verhindern, dass die Pflanze mutierte und sich unkontrolliert ausbreitete. Dies war notwendig da sie nicht nur den Boden säuberte sondern auch andere Pflanzen und Bäume verzerrte um die in ihnen gespeicherte Radionuklid aufzunehmen. Nur wenige Protestler verstummten als NipponBiotec versicherte die heimische Vegetation später wieder aufzubauen.
Die Mykorrhiza mutierte dennoch was den Beginn der weltweiten BioCrisis markiert. Seitdem versuchen Eindämmunsteams die Städte von Wildwuchs freizuhalten. Jamie und Prof. Hasegawa suchen in den "Naturschutzgebieten" nach weniger mutierten Arten um nachweisen zu können, dass das Problem menschengemacht ist. Beim der Durchstreifen der Quarantänezone infiziert sich Jamie mit dem verzehrenden Pilz, der beginnt ihr Gewebe aufzulösen. Die CDC glaubt es sei ein Virus, da für sie der Auflösungsprozess Ebola ähnlich sieht. Hasegawa gelangt später an eine Gewebeprobe von Jamie und vergleicht sie mit einer frischen Probe aus der Quarantänezone. Er erkennt, dass Mykorrhiza entartet war und dass er für die Chrysalis einen besseren Sicherheitsmechanismus braucht damit so etwas Ähnliches mit seiner Erfindung nicht auch passiert.
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Neo-Tokio - Eine schreckliche Szene ereignete sich gestern im Fuji-Naturschutzgebiet. Jamie Kerr Hasegawa, Umweltaktivistin, Elite-Studentin und Mutter zweier Kinder wurde tot aufgefunden. Ihr von Trauer erschütterte Ehemann, Prof. Hasegawa, steht unter Verdacht des Totschlags oder Mordes. Beamte der Seuchenschutzbehörde (CDC) bestätigen, dass Hasegawa seine Frau erschoss um ihr Gnadentod zu geben. Frau Hasegawa zog sich offenbar eine neuartige fatale Virusinfektion zu welche einen totalen zellulären Zusammenbruch zur Folge hatte. Die Ermittler konnten die DNA-Fragmente des Virus, der die CDC in Panik versetzte, nicht identifizieren.
Das Paar hatte sich auf den Weg gemacht eine nicht autorisierte Untersuchung durchzuführen um die Wahrheit hinter den Naturschutzgebieten und dem angeblichen Land-Rückgewinnungsprojekt der Regierung aufzudecken. Nach Aussage von Herrn Hasegawa sind sie in das Fuji-Naturschutzgebiet gegangen wo seine Frau sich das Bein seiner Frau einen dornigen Zweig eines Blüten tragenden Strauch streifte. Sorglos gingen sie weiter. Aber nur wenigen Minuten nach zuziehen der winzige Verletzung entwickelte sich der Kratzer in eine anschwellende Wunde und schon bald war es ein großes Geschwür. Die immensen Schmerzen überwältigten Frau Hasegawa. Vom Ursprung ausgehend breitete sich die Wundinfektion immer weiter aus und schließlich öffneten sich die Geschwüre von selbst. Herr Hasegawa verabreichte antibiotische Hyposprays aber nach weniger als einer Stunde des qualvollen Wartens zerriss das gesamte Gewebe des Beins, tiefe Spalten formend. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt war klar, dass der alles verschlingende Virus auch einen totalen Zusammenbruch des Nervensystems verursachen würde. Die inneren Organe waren im Begriff sich zu verflüssigen und auszubluten. Herr Hasegawa sagte, dass der bloße Anblick unerträglich war.
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:12_43_11 Hasegawa: "[...]"
:12_43_11 Hasegawa: "[...]"



Revision as of 19:23, 5 August 2013

This page focuses on three major techs whereas the Daodan part is the most finished one.


Daodan Chrysalis

origin and criticism

12_43_11 Hasegawa: "The world outside the Atmospheric Processors is poisonous. If something isn't done we are all doomed. Jamie's death won't be in vain. I'm going to do something about the nightmare that killed her. Her brother will help me. He misses her as much as I do."

The Daodan was here and then criticized to be unethical especially by geyser. (But I'm happy he did. That way we have more points of view). He said that with the Daodan a human loses / gives up a not unimportant amount of control over body and mind.

  • Sort of just look what happened to Muro. In that point I disagree: Muro's personality might be the one of an anarchist but it could be very possibly formed by education / influences of an certain super-criminal organization and not by the Daodan.
  • Also in his opinion Kerr is biased against Mai: The preservation of Mai personality is a wishful thinking. Indeed, it would be interesting to know from where Kerr takes the assumption that the personality change the Daodan body and not vice versa.
13_65_35 Kerr: "You are who you have always been. The Chrysalis can't change that. The effect of the mutation is influenced by the subject's nature."

More speculation on Daodan body and mind in the section "explanation attempt [...]".

At least Kerr admits that the Daodan is unknown terrain.

13_65_31 Kerr: Yes. We weren't sure what kind of mutation the prototypes would produce.

And now we are back to the term "control". I think it's one of our greatest modern fears to lose control. geyser described well how the Daodan can be feared: missing control, the emerging unknown, and possible (or not) mind changes.

We are used to the thinking that having control is good. But what if Hasegawa came to the conclusion that the world is in the hands of too many unwise men. The WCG doesn't represent their citizens. And for that reason passing on that kind of control wouldn't be so unethical.


ethic vs. death

Hasegawa: "In a democracy you need the majority to change a situation. But in the WCG there's no such thing like a majority nor a democracy. We missed to accomplish our chances with normal means. Now, only a revolution can bring change. If you don't have the guts to pull it off then I will do it. Or rather... If the entire society's intelligence wasn't enough to ensure our survival then I will empower the human body to protect ourselves."

Pensatore: "Usually revolutions turn out to be quite bloody. Many people will die in the chaos. From a scientist I expected a more ethical suggestion."

Ethics for its own sake is not an option. Look at history. On the verge of death men ate other men, even corpses. For the simple reason: to survive. Also, convinced Christian came to the conclusion that death to a megalomaniac dictators can be justified. -- Ethics are only as good as the situation allows it! Of how much worth are rules and laws which don't let you survive?"

And you believe we are in such a situation? Certainly, the WCG isn't the optimum but this is a bit too much in my opinion. -- What do you have in mind? Do you want as a geneticist make a biological intervention that takes all of the control humans wrest from mother nature in the last 125,000 years?

What means the fire to men when they burn themselves and learn hardy from the mistakes? -- No, I'm not throwing it away, I just take a part and give it to a new instance of ourselves. The new possibilities will create a society where collision of interests and foul compromises can be avoided.

What are the details of your plan?

All our cells collect information which they use in cases of emergency to transform themselves. That inner safeguard will have the possibility to compensate injuries caused by wrong decisions the human mind made.

A biocracy ... on cellular level?

I call it a Daodan Chysalis.

I must say it again, such radical changes will trigger fear, chaos and death!

We live in permanent evolution and that brings always unknown things. All I do is to speed things up. I bet you could sell it as a genetic upgrade against diseases and then there will be less problems.

Do you suggest to lie to everybody?

"Have you ever told your children that Santa brings the presents? -- Even if we aren't aware of it: we lie daily."

That's something different. If Muro rips off your beard, then he might be disappointed to not see Santa. But if someone finds out what you project is really about then we have again a horror scenario.

We don't need to force people to get them a Daodan.

A parallel society with mutants doesn't make the situation necessarily better.

Would you blame me for the racism of other people?

You want to put Daodan into this world and also know how people will react. So yes, you would be responsible.

Oh, that's makes it really ease for you...

Listen, I know that Jamie's death was a tragedy for you and all others who knew her. But do you really think she would have wanted that innocents die by your innovation? -- You should find a way to introduce your project to the world in a slow pace.

I want to use my anger and desperation to create a change.
I don't want to return to a calm mindset where daily life takes over. This just brought us into this situation. -- I know the Daodan comes with risks. But life without the necessity of taking risks is an illusion.

At this point Mukade can drop in and suggest to use the Daodan as a carrot to infiltrate the Syndicate, then repairing the ACCs and bringing down the WCG little by little.

In that scenario the Daodan wouldn't change the people but the existing political system.


Explanation attempt of the biological dimension

to put it into a nutshell
Daodan-Chrysalis_2012_in_a_nutshell_tn.png
Finally wrote some “technobabble” lines that seem to provide a solid basis but also allow different interpretations. Paradox-01 18:28, 9 July 2010 (UTC)


The Daodan Chrysalis (short: Daodan) produces always mutations that are really needed. Only that way the same damage source won't be dangerous again in the future.

Thus the type of damage becomes analyzed and therefore the Daodan requires a sensor system.

In nature, “higher lifeforms” evolved by following – among other concepts – specialization and socialization. Those find their expression on one hand in different cell types – therefore multicellular organism – and on other hand in all kinds of symbiosis. So, for a hyperevolved organism, it wound be understandable if it work more intensely by those concepts.

A body realizes damage or harmful influences by stimuli. To detect all kind of stimuli, much space is surely needed.

Ninety percent of cells that can be found on and inside the human body aren't his own but microorganisms. Fortunately they weigh only a half up to one kilogram. Their assemblage is known as human flora. Depending on the organism, one of them can be a squatter (in metaphorical sense) against real health threatening germs or another one can hold an actual ability like vitamin K production.

Some abilities can't be simply or sufficiently integrated into an organism but its product can be received from a symbiont.

So, it seems likely to enlist microorganisms for more sensory tasks and abilities which are actually alien to the human. For this reason the Daodan needs to upgrade the genomes of all the microorganisms (microbiome) as well.

Next, communication between the symbionts has to be ensured. A new cell organelle might do the job by using messenger substances. Or it transmits different electromagnetic waves which existence doesn't seem too alien in comparison to the real bioelectric field of each living organism and wound give an explanation attempt of the Daodan glow. (Some metabolic waste products – which are released through the body surface together with perspiration – might become stimulated to glow by the field.)

For processing the received information, the Daodan might use an own self-awareness, mainly a (genetic and) anatomic model of itself formed by another organelle type inside every daodanized cell. The presence of such organelle in neurons opens the possibility for – how geyser coined it – “schizophrenia of the 3rd kind” but also Kerr's idea of a mental interface which allows influence on the Daodan's development by the host's personality.

If we want to know more about the decision making algorithms (and their physical structures) which calculates the mutations, we will need to ask Hasegawa. ;-)

Depending on the target – human Daodan genome, Daodan microbiome, both their epigenomes, or even organelle genomes (like mitochondrions and plastids have) – a few different “vectors” (e.g. viruses) need to be available to transport the mutation. (To ease further talk one might like to fall back on the terms holobiont, sum of symbionts, and hologenom, sum of symbionts' genomes.)

However, it's hard to believe that the Daodan could be able to come up with fitting mutations completely by its own. It seems more likely to me that it draws on “genetic building blocks” holding basis information for fast regeneration, resistances, different metabolisms, and so on. Maybe the Daodan can also make use of already existing genetic material of the microbes: after all, a human just has 23 000 genes (500 000 up to 1 000 000 proteins through alternative splicing) while his microbiome has more than 5 million genes/proteins.

The microbiome is very different among humans and would make the Daodan mass production surly no easy task. But after more than 15 years the Syndicate should have accomplished a way to simplify the process. This second generation would be independent from the host's sex (XX / YX chromosomes) and the microbiom's composition by providing level-zero stem cells. These can target any compatible symbiont cell and then do a “configuration” (whereby they dissolve the unnecessary genetic material) to become classic daodanized stem cells and microbes.


The Daodan computer

The Daodan's ability of producing non-random mutations doesn't exist in nature. So, its purposefulness should be the result of something man-made, probably some kind of computer. So far I had doubts that a computer could be produced inside a living system. Certainly, it wouldn't be a computer that has todays dimensions, materials or architecture.

The technological progress goes on and on. Nanotechnology is part of the party. It leads to further minimization of technology, brings new materials, and kicks the door to quantum mechanics wide open.

Ideas and prototypes of unconventional computers are in development. The size of their logic gates range from cells, to macromolecules like DNA up to groups of only a few molecules. Duroquinone is an example for the latter. In groups of 17 molecules duroquinone is allegedly able of parallel computing. According to a BBC article that "nano brain" sounds more like it's a signal hub. Another team later designed a molecule that seems more promising.

[...]


Immune system extension

One idea is to keep the genetic code of Daodan and natural organisms separated: If the Daodan uses another backbone for its base pairs then perhaps viruses wouldn't be able to incorporate their code for reasons of incompatibility. For instance, PNA has another type of backbone. But experiments showed that long PNA strains aren't stable. I don't know if there are other alternatives. Furthermore, there are other dangerous substances like toxins so I will bet on an analyzing element. In 2012 scientist succeeded to simplify the identification of nanosized objects. A minimized version of the device would be an ideal sensor for the Daodan.


High performance via polyploidy?

A genome can consist of many chromosomes. If all its chromosomes are unique then the chromosome set is haploid. A genome of two sets is diploid, a tripled set make it triploid, and so on. So polyploid means "having many chromosome sets".

Polyploidy can result in higher vitality. It can raise the rates of protein biosynthesis due to stronger parallelization of the processes. An already historic example can be seen in wheat. Humans bred wheat whereby they doubled repeatedly the plant's chromosome set to harvest more and bigger grains. Now wheat has 6 sets (hexaploid) each counting 7 chromosomes.

Problem

Humans with too many chromosome copies often dies before or shortly after birth or suffer diseases. A non-lethal disease is the Down syndrome which comes from a third copy of the 21st chromosome hence it's also called trisomy 21.

This shows us that simply multiplying chromosomes for a performance boost won't work.

Solution

Despite human cells have a diploid genome there are also cell types that are naturally polyploid. For instance this is true for heart muscle cells, liver cells and megakaryoblast (blood-forming cells).

Healthy constellations of multiple sets might be traced back to deactivations.

Example for single chromosome deactivation: In women one of the X chromosomes is epigenetically deactivated. That way men (XY) and women (XX) have both only one active X chromosome and hence they produce nearly the same dosis of gen products from the X chromosome(s).

Example for general deactivations: Epigentic processes like DNA-methylation generate different cell types despite the genetic code is the same in all cells. (Remember the liver cells which are differentiated cells but also polyploid.)

If Daodan cells are polyploid than they would require to deactivate unneeded regions of the other sets. However imposing real standards I think that polyploidy could be never the only reason for the marvelousness regeneration skill of Oni's hypothetical Daodan.


Transformation: control and power

Is Muro's transformation irreversible? Before he transformed he said "You are capable of so much more. Let me show you..." It implies that he has some control over his transformation. How much is not known.

A) He was able to delay the final transformation and triggered it later by will.
B) That of A plus more control so he can even untransform.

"Let me show you..." can be interpretated that he already knew how radical his change of appearance would be: he stands in front of Mai as a normal looking man and hence it could be a hint that he's able to revert the transformation.

The time of growth can be seen as another hint for the validity of option B. TCTF staff tried to avoid Daodan power bursts by instructing Konoko to tackle things not too forcefully and they even gave her Sytropin to slow down Daodan growth. But during a few days of combat Mai's Daodan developed fastly nonetheless. For Muro we can assume years of real combat experiences...

From a practical point of view he should be able to untransform because of following reasons.

- psychologic / social reason: he was only familiar with his human appearance (it could be more comfortable, he probably had the wish to stay human before he became used to it) / identity of and repect for a strong leader, fear of the strikers having a real monster as boss (With reverting the transformation Muro could have given the Strikers time to get used to him and showing them he wouldn't represent a one-way ticket to monstrosity but to a superior being.)
- physiologic reason: ergonomy - weapons, cars, mobile phones, door frames, seats, etc are all made in human dimensions ... Wouldn't it be stressful to walk through the land of man as a giant and watching out not to accidentally destroy everything?
- energy / resource: combat or active Imago skills probably use a lot of chemical bound energy. A human-like form could be some kind of energy saver mode.

It looks like the Imago stage was thought to have unlimited energy and Mai was just lucky Muro transform right before their fight.

(...) Muro has achieved the next level of Daodan evolution: the Imago stage. Muro's Daodan powers make him invulnerable, but having only just evolved he has limited energy reserves. You can hurt him when his energy is drained.

Infinite energy:

  • To be honest I don't like at all the point of unlimited energy. I'm rather a friend on realism and would like to keep the laws of nature. Especially the law of the conservation of energy and the conservation of matter. Energy and matter cannot be created from nothing and cannot vanish to nothing.
  • You could say that the Daodan also draws energy from another dimension and instead of infinite energy there's just more energy available than the DC can use. But still if this becomes reused as normal energy sorce you might get weapons that can easily erase Imagos.


Transformation: static metamorphosis

(Some text that might be from a researcher's diary.)
The name still bugs us.
All skills aside, also the Daodan is bounded to the laws of nature, it's not almighty. Extreme changes of the body in a short time probably requires a static state.
In that aspect we might translate the full name "Daodan Chrysalis" as "code allowing metamorphoses to reach new states, each best-adapted to the new present environmental conditions" whereas "Chrysalis" could be also almost literally taken as "Chrysalis" [pupal stage of butterflies]. In this case we think it's some biological material at the body's outside to provides shelter and stability so a major metamorphosis can take place.
We think that this second ability might exist still hidden inside the code. Single, fast adaptions have been reported; the existence of complete, static transformations still needs to become proofed.


Multiple Imago stages

(Some text that might be from a researcher's diary.)
Some part of the Daodan's code aren't fully understood yet. This and the "Chrysalis group" posited hyperevolution makes us believe slowly that the Imago stage isn't the "end". Of course new environmental catastrophes can mean a threat to imagos so also a new transformation would be necessary. In that aspect we think that these cycles aren't limited. However, it would be an disadvantage to lose a fully developed adaption if situation change back then. A storage system might be involved.
A candidate for that matter are pseudogenes which means inactive genes. Thus a gene can forced to become a pseudogene while 'replaced' by a new adapted one. Later "Dual Drive" checks if an older cycle should be rolled back (making the current gene inactive and reactivating the other one).
An genetic overload cannot be excluded. But that must be solved by future researchers. Our visionary colleague Dr. Sandström (in memory of ReGenesis) points to something he calls "networked Omega Chimera" which makes use of advanced nanotechnology.
Addendum: After final analysis on xx xx 205x, the suspected ability has turn out to be only our wishful thinking: A storages system for adaption hasn't been found but the idea remains as an idea for a future upgrade of the DC.


Natural reproduction of human hosts

Iritscen's post on the OCF initiated me to think about following problem.

At new environmental conditions, randomly evolved traits helps members of a population to survive. The survivors then ensure the population's continuity by their reproduction.

The Daodan reacts directly on environmental influences and probably – or largely – doesn't know anymore randomness. Therefor it's uncertain if the Daodan can manage or allow random recombination of genetic material during the sexual reproduction of Daodan hosts. For the Daodan, there's actually no more necessity for recombination.

So, if no recombination happens, female gamete (egg cells) might become produced with or without genetic material whereby only empty egg cell can accept a male gamete. In any case, the chromosome set is already diploid which means that baby is a genetic clone of one of it's parents. (But you know, the personality is still shaped to a major degree by environment and education.) Contact of male hormones with female gamete (cell nucleus must be presented) marks the cell as fertilized. Implantation and embryonic development follows. The passing on of microbial Daodan symbionts happens during child's birth (...) and by intake of breast milk. (Bifidobacteria can be taken as kind of RL example).


Contamination of the ecosystem

GV's "Chrysalis" work group thinks that the Daodan will contaminate the environment sooner or later (in case it didn't already happen) because of horizontal gene transfer causing unseen threats. Hence the Daodan needs a patch. The idea was and is to protect the primer symbiont, the human host. To ensure that the microbial Daodan cells stays only at the human flora these cells need to die in absent of the primer symbiont by dissolving their genetic material with an enhanced degradosome.

(Will Pandora hunt down all hosts with an original Daodan (to patch them or kill the hosts) ?)

This patch solves only one part of the problem. Existing Daodans would be still a permanent danger, especially the unknown number in Syndicate 'property'. In worst case this threat had to be met on planetary scale. This would require full control over all matter and lifeforms.

Related topic: bioc


Future upgrades

I don't think this will happen in RS but later sequels. It's better to write it down than forgetting it again during time.

  • telomere regeneration: which allows biological immortality (overpopulation problem appears)
  • cyborg genes: construction genes which takes care of implants -- nothing special in comparison to our human growth genes -> Omega Chimera
  • memory chromosome: nanoscanner collect position and properties of neurons and other relevant stuff and code these information into a new chromosome


Omega Chimera

  • Omega Chimeras can make use of external memory storage for different Imago stages and also knowledge.
  • Long-range objective is to create a collective consciousness (via network) called Daimon.


Taking a look at real symbiosis

The word symbiosis means "living together". If the outcomes are good or not is an other question. However, in daily life symbiosis means a relationship of mutual gain.

symbiosis types by interaction symbiosis types by utility
on metabolic level (e.g. corals; lichens) mutualism
through behavior (e.g. flowering plants + insects, birds; ants + fungi / greenflies) parasitism
on genetic level (e.g. virus + host organism) interstages of mutualism and parasitism (commensalism, amensalism, etc.)


The following subsections are meant to show what real symbiosis is capable of and that it exist between very different species. Therefore those sections display combinations of the so-called kingdoms. (As a layman I still prefer the older and simpler model.) Unfortunately viruses are unranked so far.

Are viruses lifeforms?
The problem is that they are neither really dead nor alive. They are zombies so to say. They do nothing until they infect a suitable host cell and becomes active again. Living things were thought to have always an active metabolism. Then tardigrades have been found out to break that rule with their cryptobiosis ("hidden life"). In that stage their metabolism is almost too low for measures (under 0.01%). After that discovery scientists had the rethink the definition of death. The microbes' state of temporary death became some kind of extreme hibernation, namely cryptobiosis, and some Christians were happy that their religion was the sole promise again for resurrection.
A virus cannot reproduce itself without a host but that's also true for some endoparasites (parasitic organisms in other organisms). And a virus has no own metabolism but can take over the host's metabolism and organelles. In this view a virus might be a very mean and cleaver bastard but it lives.
From symbiosis to symbiogesesis.
So a virus makes the host its own body; the news are that there also exist symbiotic viruses. These have not taken over a host cell but sorta vice versa: they became fully incorporated into the host's genome. Two examples: First, the polydnavirus inside of ichneumonid (parasitic) wasps is only produced when the wasps lay eggs into a caterpillar. The virus helps the wasp eggs to survive inside the caterpillar by affecting the immune system and changing the metabolism in advantages of the wasp eggs. The second example is about us humans (and all animals with a placenta). The retrovirus ERVWE1 in our genome merge placenta cells by its produced protein "syncytin" to create a protection layer. That way the embryo keeps untouched by the mother's immune system. Otherwise it could be discovered as foreign body because of the father's genes. The retrovirus gives us an advantage compared to non-placental mammals.
The polydnavirus is still reproduced but the second virus gave up its independence to the fullest. They, the host and the virus are rather one new organism instead of two. This process of merging organisms is called symbiogenesis.
How much human DNA builds our body?
Incorporation of genetic material happened more than once. When the human genome was sequenced on a great scale, only 1.4% has been found out to encode our building material - the proteins - the rest appeared to be "junk" DNA. Today we know that 8.5% are old retroviruses (HERVs). -- This brings Agent Smith from the movie Matrix into mind when he classified humans as a virus because of certain similarities: according to him humans replicated unchecked, consume all resources, and spread to a new area (host) when one area ran out of resources. Now he would have a genetic proof you might think: our DNA is more "virus" than "human". -- Well, the old retroviruses are almost all defective so they don't matter much. Also, noncoding but function holding RNA and regulatory sequences - tools and building instructions - have been identified from the junk by now. So, yes, no need to panic, we are still human enough.


Fungus and plant

More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis

All plants in natural ecosystems are thought to be symbiotic with mycorrhizal and/or endophytic fungi. Collectively, these fungi express different symbiotic lifestyles ranging from parasitism to mutualism. Analysis of Colletotrichum species indicates that individual isolates can express either parasitic or mutualistic lifestyles depending on the host genotype colonized. The endophyte colonization pattern and lifestyle expression indicate that plants can be discerned as either disease, non-disease, or non-hosts. Fitness benefits conferred by fungi expressing mutualistic lifestyles include biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, growth enhancement, and increased reproductive success. Analysis of plant–endophyte associations in high stress habitats revealed that at least some fungal endophytes confer habitat-specific stress tolerance to host plants. Without the habitat-adapted fungal endophytes, the plants are unable to survive in their native habitats. Moreover, the endophytes have a broad host range encompassing both monocots and eudicots, and confer habitat-specific stress tolerance to both plant groups.

source:
- http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/5/1109
- (mirror) http://dl.dropbox.com/u/139715/OniGalore/RS_T_Sources/1109.full.pdf


Virus, fungus and plant

A Virus in a Fungus in a Plant: Three-Way Symbiosis Required for Thermal Tolerance

A mutualistic association between a fungal endophyte and a tropical panic grass allows both organisms to grow at high soil temperatures. We characterized a virus from this fungus that is involved in the mutualistic interaction. Fungal isolates cured of the virus are unable to confer heat tolerance, but heat tolerance is restored after the virus is reintroduced. The virus-infected fungus confers heat tolerance not only to its native monocot host but also to a eudicot host, which suggests that the underlying mechanism involves pathways conserved between these two groups of plants.

source:
- http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/315/5811/513
- http://www.rcn.montana.edu/pubs/pdf/2007/science%202007.pdf


Bioc

"Bioc" is an abbreviation for its nickname bio crystal. The name was given due to many borrowed mechanisms from living ("bio") systems and one of the prototypes macroscopic appearances is a crystal.

The bioc is a research project of Silver Village (SV) which is again financed by WCG's Aeronautics and Space Administration (the former NASA). The project involves nanorobots for terraforming other planets.

During high peaks of the environmental crisis an idea arose to repurpose the bots. They should be used to filter out the toxic substances from the environment of the own planet.

After the Big Bang WCG politics demanded also its assignment to eliminate genetic material of Daodans in the wild.

Originally the bioc should be ASA's tool to find, analyze and eventually manipulate matter as well as extraterrestrial microbial life forms. Now it's going to be WCG last instrument against toxic air, Daodan threats and the Syndicate ...

The biological aspects of the research were outsourced to the sister facility Green Village (GV). A few different versions of bioc prototypes were produced there before the complex became partially destroyed.

A bare artificial approach would produce a massive address number for the individual bots and therefore computational problems. So the bioc is supposed to create a biological way of control whereby a kind of self-awareness is formed by sensor systems and neural networks (like SLD do). When the bot population reached a predefined critical mass specialized nodes (organs) becomes created for higher abilities like regional localization (via GPS, etc). These nodes also allow humans to take control over the bot collective.

To prevent the Daodan's continuing contamination and reconquering of already cleaned areas the bots needs to cloak all lifeforms at first, analyzing them, and then killing all separated microbial Daodan cells. This event is code named "silver dawn". It's planed that all bots on and inside of organism will destroyed themselves while the subterranean nodes will remain for sure for economic purposes.

However, some are worried that the responsible people will succumb to the tremendous power and let remain the bots inside the organisms especially humans. But just as well hackers could succeed in taking over the system. The WCG will think twice if they want to unleash the bots into the world. Silver Dawn could change everything - to the good or to the bad.


Comparing DC and Bioc

Daodan Chrysalis Bioc

passive, defensive, protective, analyzing harmful stimuli, flexible

guidelines:
- observe the own organism
- identify harmful influences
- adapt to those influences
(idea based on "negative utilitarianism")

Survival by adapting own organism. -> Give up / loss of self-control.

Mirrors a possible new behavior.
(Based on Hasegawa's mindset.)

active, aggressive, possessive, analyzing all matter, somewhat inflexible

guidelines:
- observe the environment
- identify types of matter
- make resources available
(idea based on "utilitarianism")

Survival by adapting the environment. -> Total control.

Mirrors old human behavior.


The hybrid

Synthesis?

The behavior of both - DC and bioc - are extreme. And extremes tend to not last very long therefore a sythesis might be needed. How new guidlines could look like:

Analyzing threats: Adapt to harmful stimuli if limits become exceeded.

Analyzing resources: Adapt to new energy sources if favorable source is unavailable.

Defense against or cooperation with other organisms. (developing immunity or integration)


Process of fusion:

  • Bioc invades Daodan biomass.
  • Bioc identifies useful matter and agglomerate it.
  • Daodan identifies Bioc as harmful stilumi and creates protections.
  • [...]*

Rettung durch genetische Schnittstelle? Emergente Struktur. Rettung durch informationelle Schnittstelle?

Die NASA sucht nach Ressourcen und Organismen. Es ist bekannt dass tief in unserem Planeten Mikroorganisen leben, also wurde der Bioc so konstruiert das er sie erkennen kann. "Durch seine Bauarbeit wird die Planetenkruste umgeflügt, wir wollen keine potentielle Entdeckungen zerstören. (Wie bei Bauarbeit, wo Archäologen manchmal die Zerstörung von Artefakte beklagen.)

Das Schutzprogamm für andere Organismen ist in der ausgebrochenen Version des Bioc noch nicht enthalten. Ab einer/m bestimmten Masse/Volumen entwickelt der Bioc seine höheren Organe mit denen sich diese künstliche Lebensform updaten lässt. *So kann die Fusion doch noch stattfinden.

[...]


SLD

Simulated Life Doll.

The term brain engrams in Oni might be related to:


Speculation about brain components

first generation

memristor

  • memristors as complex networks can mimic biological brains better than transistors
  • they can execute fuzzy logic which is in contrast to bolean logic not fixed between two states
  • they are none-voilent memory units even if they work with electric currency because with usage their inner matter changes


second generation

nanospintronics

  • higher energy efficiency - no electric current needed, less energy used
  • faster components - no electric charge is transported and thus no thermal problems appears which allows clock speed up to 10,000 GHz
  • smaller components - e.g. the OR gate (actual iron-atom gate counts aprox. 3nm), these kind of components can be smaller than todays semiconductor
  • non-volatile memory - information doesn't become lost when power is turned off because they are stored magnetically (that way also the boot process of computer would become significate faster)
  • and nanospintronics would also allow hybrid components for calculation and memory (these information were adapted from here (mirror))

That's the point which is especially interessting because of the analogy to biological components. Also biological brains uses one type of components for two things - the nerons store and process information.


Are SLDs alive?

Let's see at the following points to discuss this topic.

  • "The SLD project is an attempt to recreate human physiology with artificial materials."
  • SLD are classified as androids.
The TCTF and the Syndicate's language has more weight on the technical side...
Konoko: "I don't know if they programmed fear into her but if they didn't she's probably figured it out on her own by now."
08_28_02 Muro: "Curious. Why bother programming you to feel pain so intensely?"
09_31_08 Shinatama: "I am an SLD, an android programmed with your brain engrams"
... while The SLD scientists seem also to be more open for psychological aspects.
"SLDs are individuals in many respects."
"This core personality is then given a chance to develop a unique neurolattice while experiencing accelerated streaming sensory feeds."
"Most SLDs have to spend at least three months in the senseloop, which we have come to think of as their psychological womb."
  • Emergence - new properties, behaviors, etc. of a system which the single parts not feature. Also commonly known under the phrase: "more than the sum of its parts". Two examples: gas has a temperature but not the single molecules, a brain has a mind but single neurons don't.


If they really recreated human physiology how can they rule out a new emerged mind? Why would it be a bare simulated one? The TCTF was surprised that Shinatama developed an own will.

"[...] an unprecedented degree of free will in the android [...]"

Maybe the TCTF argued that a SLD use just "programs" (because the hardware is not biological but artificial) and that programs aren't enough to create a mind. That's a pretty similar thinking to John Searle's Chinese Room. I wonder if a collection of interacting programs can show emergence.


What's the purpose of SLDs?

I don't think it's a desirable goal to create an android that can just feel pain, breath, sweat, and eat* and ... So you are saying it can produce artificial shit, eh? Is that everything you were able to accomplished after spending our research budget of 100 million dollar? Of course the real deal must be something else.

We have to ask why they didn't imitate another life form. Why not a bacteria, a plant, or an animal?

Side note: SLD are made of "artificial materials" and "micromechanical fabrication cells" and thus the basis is very unlikely to be DNA.

So the SLD project wasn't about immune systems, metabolisms, and not primarily about somatic functions. What's the big difference between humans and other life forms on earth? In all modesty it seems that the human mind is our biggest and most interesting difference. And it's still a mystery in Oni's story as well as in reality.

  • SLD scientist: "One thing we still cannot do is create an artificial system that adequately simulates the processes of the human mind."
  • Turing: "I do not wish to give the impression that I think there is no mystery about consciousness. There is, for instance, something of a paradox connected with any attempt to localise it."

So the solution seems to somewhat (if not entirely) copy an already existing brain.

In Oni "brain engrams" gave the SLD androids a mind and that way they could be a tool to study intelligence in an mechanical environment.

With the obtained data, the mind doesn't need to become reinvented but analyzed. After the phase of analysis a true artificial intelligence could be designed.

Another side note: SLD brain engrams involves coping of brain information and that looks very similar to what is called mind uploading. That again is thought to be an approach to AIs. Ergo, in Oni AIs might be near although the Syndicate developed Deadly Brains. DB would be obsolete if AIs would already exist. (Or maybe AIs are not only much more difficult to construct but much more expensive as well...)

However, the abilities* claimed in the manual could be requirements for the SLD brain/mind to work normally because it simply awaits some body functions.

Their food could be raw material for regeneration and a compounds of hydrogen and oxygen from which they can transform chemical energy to electric current. Their sweat then could be pure water from the reaction chemical reaction from inside the fuel cell.


Related background story

Oni's storyline seems to be the time where the SLD technology almost reached its final development stage. Shinatama appears to be fully functioning and also her mind seems not much different compared to humans mind. This has a logical consequence to the "Mukade = Hasegawa + Mukades's brain engrams" (RS) theory: 17 years ago (plus minus few years) Mukade and Hasegawa needed an absolute expert of the SLD technology working with them together to archive the brain merging. SLD technology draws on brain engrams because scientists couldn't create intelligences on their own yet. The modularity of the human mind and the complex interaction of the parts were limiting the success of very own attempts. So, merging brain engrams to a biological brain would have been still impossible. Instead they created an SLD from two donor brains, an "ego hybrida". The chance for success was unknown but in the end it worked.

The presence of the expert Pensatore could also explain the early creation of Mukade's android army (well, in case they are actually androids).


Mind upload

At that time it happened that Mukade and Pensatore talked about Shinto and Buddhism. (One of the topic was that the human soul and that in Shinto knows multiple mitama can form one souls: ichirei shikon concept.) This came from Mukade's side. His Shinobi philosophy was influenced by a small degree. But he mentioned enough to awake Pensatore's interest. He felt that there were similarities with the meme theory. Pensatore entered a new path. From that time on he understood the brain as a collection of memes running on biological hardware. His new goal was to create a digital mind that could run not in a robot brain but on common servers. Eventually he uploaded his own mind.


Shinatama's escape

[...] Shintama could have uploaded her mind to the internet with the help of Pensatore. I guess this can continue with Owldreamer's stuff.


Shields

Oni offers only two lines about its shield technology. The item description says also "force shield" which is maybe an inappropriate term

  • because the force shield is visible to the naked eye,
  • pieces can break away when a bullet hits it,
  • magnetic/electric fields couldn't protect its user against non-magnetic/non-inducting materials,
  • and magnetic and electric fields aren't blocky.

So the thought strokes one to think about a different background.

Atmospheric shields

Let's start with another question: Atmospheric Conversion Centers clean air for cities but what would keep the clean air inside and the toxins outside the cities?

Graphene oxide is known to be impermeable to everything except for water (and maybe hydrogen). Graphene has a so tight structure that almost nothing fits between its atoms. It's also pretty transparent which would let sunlight still reach the interior of our hypothetical shield.

Other graphene layers attached to the first one could align the material along a magnetic field. Pure graphene isn't magnetic but doping and defects can change properties of graphene in many ways.

What if the shield gets damaged? Ways of self-assembly and self-healing gets currently explored and could be probably of some help.

[...]


Personal shields

[...]


Heavy weapons


(hypothetical)

  • laser-induced plasma beam in tempests (src)
  • BEC + pyroelectric fusion